癌发病率和死亡率的全球模式和趋势
Anton Barchuk1,2,3, Jerome Vignat1, Kari A O Tikkinen3,4,5,6
1Cancer Surveillance Branch, The International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
International journal of cancer
|January 29, 2026
概括
全球癌发病率和死亡率因地区和人类发展指数 (HDI) 存在显著差异. 虽然全球死亡率正在下降,但亚洲和拉丁美洲的发病率正在上升,这凸显了预防和治疗方面的差异.
科学领域:
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 全球健康 全球健康
- 癌症研究 癌症研究
背景情况:
- 癌对全球健康构成重大挑战,在全球范围内发生率和死亡率各不相同.
- 了解当前的全球模式和趋势对于有效的公共卫生战略和资源配置至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 提供全球癌发病率和死亡率模式和趋势的最新分析.
- 通过使用最新数据,在不同国家和地区进行发病率和死亡率的比较.
- 评估过去15年癌率的时间变化.
主要方法:
- 利用了GLOBOCAN对2022年185个国家/地区的估计.
- 分析了71个国家的基于人口的癌症登记 (PBCR) 和重要统计数据,以了解时间趋势.
- 发病率和死亡率的计算年龄标准化率 (ASR),以及死亡率与发病率的比率.
主要成果:
- 癌发病率ASR在2022年在国家层面上变化了20倍,男性和非常高的HDI国家的发病率更高.
- 在白俄罗斯,乌拉圭和拉脱维亚 (男性),拉脱维亚,乌拉圭和美国 (女性) 观察到的ASR发生率最高.
- 死亡率的变化不如发病率明显;死亡率与发病率的比率在非洲最高 (0.7),在大洋洲最低 (0.2).
- 发生率ASR在亚洲和拉丁美洲增加,而死亡率ASR在全球范围内下降,但在特定国家/地区上升.
- 发病率和死亡率趋势存在显著的区域差异,这表明在预防和治疗方面存在潜在的不平等.
结论:
- 全球癌病例显示出严重的地理和社会经济差异.
- 某些地区的发病率上升和全球死亡率下降表明,癌症控制的进展不均.
- 解决区域差异需要双重关注可预防的风险因素和改善诊断和治疗机会,以减少健康不平等.
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