与感染性旅行者相关的麻疹疫情 - 科罗拉多州,2025年5月至6月
MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report
|January 29, 2026
概括
麻疹病例正在增加,即使在接种疫苗的人群中也是如此. 这次疫情强调了需要最新的麻疹疫苗接种的必要性,特别是在旅行时,并表明尿液检测可能会改善病例检测.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 自2025年以来,美国的麻疹传播已经增加,尽管疫苗接种计划取得了成功.
- 一个未接种疫苗的旅行者的麻疹病例导致了科罗拉多州的重大爆发.
研究的目的:
- 为了报道与科罗拉多州的国际旅行者有关的麻疹疫情.
- 评估麻疹传播动态和诊断挑战,包括在接种疫苗的人群中.
主要方法:
- 进行了案件调查和联系人追踪.
- 使用逆转录-聚合酶链反应 (RT-PCR) 测试,包括鼻和尿液样本.
- 对所有确诊病例收集了临床数据和疫苗接种状态.
主要成果:
- 最初的旅行者导致了科罗拉多州的9例二级麻疹和1例三级麻疹病例.
- 在接种了两剂麻疹,疹和红疹 (MMR) 疫苗的个体中发生了四起二次病例.
- 尿液RT-PCR测试在一些接种疫苗的个体和在一次患者中显示出24天后的阳性结果,这表明可能存在延长的病毒泄漏或替代检测方法.
结论:
- 保持最新的麻疹疫苗接种非常重要,特别是在国际旅行之前.
- 尿样检测可以提高麻疹病例识别和检测灵敏度,特别是在之前接种疫苗的人群中.
- 这次疫情凸显了麻疹的持续威胁以及强有力的公共卫生监测和疫苗接种工作的重要性.
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