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随机试验低剂量,超声波辅助血栓溶解或肝素用于肺栓塞
J Kjaergaard1,2, L E Bang1, E Sonne-Holm1
1Department of Cardiology, The Heart Center, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Cardiovascular research
|January 29, 2026
概括
低剂量的血栓溶解有效地降低了高风险肺栓塞患者的血栓负担,与单独使用肝素相比. 然而,超声波辅助血栓溶解与静脉注射相比没有额外的益处,观察到增加的出血风险.
科学领域:
- 心脏病学 心脏病学
- 肺部医学 肺部医学
- 干预性放射学 干预性放射学
背景情况:
- 中级高风险肺栓塞具有显著的血液动力学恶化和死亡风险.
- 目前肺栓塞的治疗策略涉及血栓抑制剂或导管干预的风险与其疗效之间的平衡.
- 优化急性肺栓塞的治疗仍然是一个临床挑战.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较基于导管的超声波辅助低剂量血栓溶解 (USAT) 与静脉注射低剂量血栓溶解和单独的肝素在中间高风险肺栓塞中的疗效.
- 评估使用精制的修改后的米勒得分 (rmMS) 作为主要疗效终点来评估血栓负担的减少.
- 评估与每个治疗策略相关的安全性,包括出血并发症.
主要方法:
- 一个多中心,研究者发起的随机临床试验,涉及210名患有急性中级高风险肺栓塞的成年患者.
- 患者被随机分配到三个组:USAT,静脉注射低剂量血栓溶解 (6小时内服用20毫克阿尔特普拉斯) 或单独服用肝素.
- 通过从基线CT血管造影到48-96小时的rmMS变化来衡量有效性;安全终点包括出血风险.
主要成果:
- 低剂量血栓溶解 (USAT和静脉注射) 与单独使用肝素相比,显著减少了3.6个点的rmMS (p < 0.001).
- 在USAT和静脉注射低剂量血栓溶解之间没有观察到rmMS减少的显著差异 (平均差异-0.1,p = 0.88).
- 在低剂量血栓溶解时,出血并发症的数量比较高,尽管在统计学上并不显著;也注意到死亡率增加.
结论:
- 低剂量的血栓溶解比单独的肝素更有效地减少中期高风险肺栓塞的血栓负担.
- 与标准静脉注射相比,超声波辅助血栓溶解没有提供优异的血栓减少.
- 低剂量的血栓溶解与出血并发症和死亡率的风险增加有关.
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