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相关概念视频

Kinetic Molecular Theory: Molecular Velocities, Temperature, and Kinetic Energy03:07

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The kinetic molecular theory qualitatively explains the behaviors described by the various gas laws. The postulates of this theory may be applied in a more quantitative fashion to derive these individual laws.
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Kinetic Molecular Theory and Gas Laws Explain Properties of Gas Molecules02:34

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The test of the kinetic molecular theory (KMT) and its postulates is its ability to explain and describe the behavior of a gas. The various gas laws (Boyle’s, Charles’s, Gay-Lussac’s, Avogadro’s, and Dalton’s laws) can be derived from the assumptions of the KMT, which have led chemists to believe that the assumptions of the theory accurately represent the properties of gas molecules.
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Molecular Kinetic Energy01:21

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The word "gas" comes from the Flemish word meaning "chaos," first used to describe vapors by the chemist J. B. van Helmont. Consider a container filled with gas, with a continuous and random motion of molecules. During collisions, the velocity component parallel to the wall is unchanged, and the component perpendicular to the wall reverses direction but does not change in magnitude. If the molecule’s velocity changes in the x-direction, then its momentum is changed.
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The ideal-gas equation, which is empirical, describes the behavior of gases by establishing relationships between their macroscopic properties. For example, Charles’ law states that volume and temperature are directly related. Gases, therefore, expand when heated at constant pressure. Although gas laws explain how the macroscopic properties change relative to one another, it does not explain the rationale behind it.
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Behavior of Gas Molecules: Molecular Diffusion, Mean Free Path, and Effusion03:48

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Although gaseous molecules travel at tremendous speeds (hundreds of meters per second), they collide with other gaseous molecules and travel in many different directions before reaching the desired target. At room temperature, a gaseous molecule will experience billions of collisions per second. The mean free path is the average distance a molecule travels between collisions. The mean free path increases with decreasing pressure; in general, the mean free path for a gaseous molecule will be...
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Atoms and Molecules
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从序列到功能:桥梁单分子动力学和分子多样性.

A N Kapanidis1,2, L Muras3, K Sreenivasa4

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

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此摘要是机器生成的。

新的单分子技术使得核酸和蛋白质序列的大规模分析成为可能. 这些方法将分子序列,结构,动态和功能联系起来,推动药物发现和基因组学.

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科学领域:

  • 分子生物学分子生物学
  • 生物物理学的生物物理.
  • 基因组学就是基因组学.

背景情况:

  • 生物功能是由核酸和蛋白质序列决定的.
  • 核酸具有影响结构,动力学和相互作用的物理化学特性.
  • 了解序列属性关系需要捕捉分子多样性和动态的方法.

研究的目的:

  • 探索先进的单分子技术,以在规模上分析分子动力学.
  • 为了弥合分子序列,结构,动力学和生物功能之间的差距.

主要方法:

  • 使用高度多重化的单分子方法.
  • 在数百万个单个分子和数千个序列中观察分子动力学.
  • 开发可扩展的方法来分析依赖序列的能量景观.

主要成果:

  • 证明了在大量分子和序列中观察分子动态的能力.
  • 在规模上启动了序列,结构,动态和函数分析的整合.
  • 展示了这些先进技术在各种生物应用中的潜力.

结论:

  • 高多重化单分子方法正在彻底改变对序列功能关系的研究.
  • 这些技术为药物发现,分子诊断和功能基因组学提供了前所未有的机会.
  • 持续的发展有望进一步进步,以大规模理解分子行为.