针对美国结核病的地理集中干预的潜在影响:模拟建模研究
Mathilda Regan1, Hening Cui1, Nicole A Swartwood1
1Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
The Lancet. Public health
|January 29, 2026
概括
针对潜伏结核病感染的向测试和治疗可以显著减少美国的结核病例和死亡人数. 这种干预措施对健康结果产生了显著的影响,并减少了结核病发病率的种族差异.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 健康差异 在健康上的差异
背景情况:
- 在美国,结核病 (TB) 发病率和死亡率存在持续差异,不成比例地影响种族和少数民族人口.
- 结构因素有助于这些健康不平等,突出了针对性干预的必要性.
研究的目的:
- 估计针对性干预的影响,以识别和治疗潜伏性结核病感染 (LTBI) 在美国县高结核病负担在种族/少数民族.
- 评估这种干预措施对结核病例,死亡和健康差异的潜在影响.
主要方法:
- 使用马尔科夫队列模型进行模拟建模研究,以比较干预和现状情景.
- 干预涉及高负担县对LTBI进行有针对性的测试和治疗,重点关注美国以外出生的个人,艾滋病毒感染者和无家可归者.
- 利用了2011-2019年美国结核病监测和已发表文献的数据.
主要成果:
- 预计这一干预措施将在一生中避免17359例结核病病例和2700例结核病死亡.
- 估计有14951个质量调整寿命年 (QALYs) 在每QALY的增量成本效益比为86,177美元获得.
- 在2025-2040年期间,结核病发病率比率下降了2.8%,种族/民族少数群体和白人之间的发病率差异下降了5.5%.
结论:
- 模拟干预表明对整体健康结果产生了实质性的积极影响,并且在结核病中的种族和民族差异有统计学上显著的,尽管很小的减少.
- 除了检测和治疗之外,解决健康的结构性决定因素对于消除结核病的持续进展至关重要.
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