使用多组件干预措施进行选择性手术的患者中预防术后狂妄症:随机对照试验的系统审查和元分析
Xu Yang1, Huachun Zhang2, Sheng Peng1
1Department of Anesthesiology, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Brain and behavior
|January 30, 2026
概括
多组件干预显著减少选择性手术后老年人手术后妄 (POD). 这些综合策略可降低29%的风险,改善患者的治疗结果和生活质量.
科学领域:
- 老年医学 老年医学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 手术护理 手术护理
背景情况:
- 手术后痴呆症 (POD) 是接受选择性手术的老年人中普遍存在的并发症.
- POD导致长时间住院,并发症增加,以及潜在的长期认知能力下降.
- 现有的单一预防策略的有效性有限,需要对组合方法进行评估.
研究的目的:
- 系统地评估多组件干预措施在预防老年手术患者的POD方面的有效性.
- 为临床实践提供基于证据的关于POD预防的建议.
主要方法:
- 进行了随机对照试验 (RCT) 的元分析.
- 在主要数据库 (PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,Cochrane Library) 进行系统的文献搜索.
- 使用随机效应模型计算了风险比率 (RR) 和95%置信区间 (CI).
主要成果:
- 分析了11个涉及3857名患者的RCT.
- 多组件干预表明,POD发病率显著降低 (RR:0.71;95% CI:0.59-0.85),风险降低了29%.
- 低异质性 (I2 = 18.0%) 和通过敏感性分析证实的强有力的发现;注意到地理差异 (p = 0.045).
结论:
- 多组件干预措施在接受选择性手术的老年人中有效预防POD.
- 地理因素可能会影响这些干预措施的有效性.
- 研究结果支持广泛的临床实施多组分策略,以预防POD.
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