冲刺能力的决定因素在成长过程中在发育中的儿童中发生变化
Masamichi Okudaira1, Ryosuke Takeda2, Tetsuya Hirono3
1Faculty of Education, Iwate University, Iwate, Japan.
European journal of sport science
|January 30, 2026
概括
年轻运动员的冲刺表现从腿的长度转变为肌肉的强度和厚度,高峰后的高度速度. 这个发育突破点突出了影响最大冲刺速度的变化因素.
科学领域:
- 儿科运动科学 儿科运动科学
- 人类的成长和发展是人类的成长和发展.
- 冲刺运动的生物力学
背景情况:
- 冲刺能力及其决定因素在童年和青春期发生显著变化.
- 了解这些变化对于优化年轻运动员训练和表现至关重要.
- 成熟,特别是在峰值高度速度周围,是这些适应的关键时期.
研究的目的:
- 调查年轻足球运动员成熟期间冲刺能力和时空变量变化的变化.
- 确定冲刺表现的关键人体测量和肌肉力量决定因素.
- 为了确定是否存在发展中断点在最大冲刺速度 (MSS) 的发展.
主要方法:
- 98名年轻的足球运动员 (年龄为7.617.9岁) 进行了30米冲刺,人体测量和肌肉评估 (厚度和最大自愿收缩).
- 成熟期偏移 (MO) 是相对于高峰高度速度 (PHV) 的估计年龄而计算的.
- 参与者根据MO (+1.1年从PHV) 进行分组,分为分断点前和后 (BP) 类别.
主要成果:
- 在PHV+1.1年时,发现了MSS发展的突破点.
- 在断点 (pre-BP) 之前,最大冲刺速度 (MSS) 与MO相关,并由腿长 (LL) 预测,影响步长 (SL).
- 在断点 (BP后) 之后,MSS与MO无关,但由肌肉厚度 (MT) 和最大自愿收缩 (MVC) 预测,影响步骤频率 (SF).
结论:
- 显著的发育中断点发生在峰值高度速度+1.1年后.
- 冲刺的决定因素从这个突破点之前的人类测量因素 (腿的长度) 转变为此后的神经肌肉因素 (肌肉力量和厚度).
- 这突出了关键的成熟阶段,培训重点可能需要从线性增长影响转向肌肉衍生功率,以提高冲刺表现.
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