瘤发育和进展中的TGF-β:机制和治疗方法
Jialing Liu1, Yiwei Wang1, Chao Tang1
1The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
Molecular biomedicine
|January 30, 2026
概括
转化生长因子β (TGF-β) 在癌症中具有双重作用,抑制早期瘤,但促进晚期癌症进展和转移. 准TGF-β信号传递为各种癌症提供治疗潜力.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
背景情况:
- 转化生长因子β (TGF-β) 是一种调节细胞发育,增殖,上皮-介质细胞过渡 (EMT) 和免疫反应的细胞因子.
- 在瘤发生过程中,TGF-β信号传递具有双重作用:在早期阶段抑制瘤,在晚期阶段促进瘤.
- TGF-β作为瘤微环境 (TME) 中的主免疫检查点,推动向治疗的开发.
研究的目的:
- 提供TGF-β信号在癌症中的病理作用和分子机制的全面概述.
- 突出TGF-β超级家族在瘤发育,生长和传播中的上下文依赖功能.
- 总结TGF-β向剂的最新进展,并讨论它们的治疗潜力和挑战.
主要方法:
- 对TGF-β生物学及其在癌症中的作用的现有文献的审查.
- 分析TGF-β对瘤细胞,瘤相关纤维细胞和免疫细胞的调节.
- 针对TGF-β向治疗的临床前和临床数据的摘要.
主要成果:
- TGF-β信号通过影响TME内的瘤细胞,纤维细胞和免疫细胞来调节瘤的进展.
- 各种TGF-β向剂正在临床前和临床研究中.
- 了解TGF-β的复杂作用对于开发有效的癌症疗法至关重要.
结论:
- TGF-β信号传递在癌症中具有上下文依赖的功能,既起抑制作用又起促进作用.
- 向TGF-β通路在瘤学中提出了重要的治疗机会和挑战.
- 对TGF-β生物学和向治疗的进一步研究对于改善患者的治疗结果至关重要.
相关概念视频
01:16TGF - β Signaling Pathway
10.5K
The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors...
10.5K
02:07Tumor Progression
7.4K
Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
7.4K
01:08Esters to β-Ketoesters: Claisen Condensation Mechanism
4.7K
Regular Claisen condensation involves the synthesis of β-ketoesters by combining identical ester molecules bearing two α hydrogens in the presence of an alkoxide base. The reaction commences with the deprotonation of the acidic α hydrogen by the base to form a resonance stabilized ester enolate. This nucleophilic ion then attacks the carbonyl center of another ester molecule to generate a tetrahedral alkoxide intermediate. Next, the expulsion of the alkoxide group from the...
4.7K
03:06Reaction Mechanisms
30.8K
Chemical reactions often occur in a stepwise fashion, involving two or more distinct reactions taking place in a sequence. A balanced equation indicates the reacting species and the product species, but it reveals no details about how the reaction occurs at the molecular level. The reaction mechanism (or reaction path) provides details regarding the precise, step-by-step process by which a reaction occurs.
For instance, the decomposition of ozone appears to follow a mechanism with two steps:
For instance, the decomposition of ozone appears to follow a mechanism with two steps:
30.8K
01:13Therapeutic Index
6.8K
The therapeutic index of a drug is a key parameter in pharmacology that quantifies the relative safety of a drug by calculating the ratio between the dose that causes toxicity in half the population (50%) to the dose that proves to be effective for half the population (50%). It provides a spectrum of doses for a particular drug ranging from effective to potentially toxic. To illustrate, consider an anticoagulant agent like warfarin. It possesses a narrow window within its therapeutic index to...
6.8K
01:30Therapeutic Communication
8.0K
Communication is a lifelong learning process. Through therapeutic communication, nurses can collect relevant assessment data, provide education and counseling, and interact during nursing interventions. Sending and receiving messages occur through verbal and nonverbal communication techniques and can happen separately or simultaneously.
Verbal communication depends on language or a prescribed way of using words so that people can share information effectively. The critical aspects of verbal...
Verbal communication depends on language or a prescribed way of using words so that people can share information effectively. The critical aspects of verbal...
8.0K