1999年至2019年,美国的性别和全因死亡率
Julia Francis1, Barry I Graubard1, Hormuzd Katki1
1Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland.
JAMA network open
|January 30, 2026
概括
男性面临的死亡风险明显高于女性,即使考虑到各种风险因素. 这种持续的死亡率性别差距表明潜在的内在生物学差异导致了预期寿命的差异.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 人口统计学 人口统计学
背景情况:
- 美国的预期寿命在两性都增加了.
- 在过去的二十年中,死亡率的性别差距一直存在.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究死亡率的性别差异.
- 分析整体死亡率和主要死亡原因的差异.
主要方法:
- 使用国家健康和营养检查调查 (NHANES) 数据 (1999-2016) 的前性队列研究.
- 将NHANES数据链接到2019年12月的全国死亡指数.
- 使用Cox比例危险回归来估计男性对女性危险比率 (MF HR),调整社会人口统计学,行为和慢性疾病因素.
主要成果:
- 与女性相比,男性的全因死亡风险比女性高63%.
- 死亡率中性别差异最大的是心脏病 (MF HR,1.96).
- 对于心脏病而言,MF HR在种族/种族之间,对于脑血管疾病和意外而言在收入水平之间存在显著差异.
结论:
- 在大多数死因中,持续存在的性别差距表明潜在的内在生物因素.
- 需要进一步的研究来探索与性别相关的生物因素对死亡率差异的影响.
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