艾滋病毒损害并利用肺Th17和Th22细胞介导的免疫反应对Mycobacterium结核病
Yazmin B Martinez-Martinez1, Matthew B Huante1, Kubra F Naqvi1
1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America.
PLoS pathogens
|January 30, 2026
概括
在结核病的同时感染时,艾滋病毒会损害保护性免疫力. 艾滋病毒消耗Th22细胞并利用Th17细胞,增加病毒载量并阻碍HIV (PWH) 患者的Mtb制.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 病毒学 病毒学
背景情况:
- 结核病 (TB) 是艾滋病毒感染者 (PWH) 的主要死亡原因.
- 艾滋病毒优先向CD4+T辅助 (Th) 细胞,包括Th17和Th22种群.
- 艾滋病毒-Mtb同时感染对Th17和Th22细胞的影响尚不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 在HIV和结核病共感染的人性化小鼠模型中研究Th17和Th22细胞的频率和功能.
- 了解HIV和Mtb感染如何单独和集体地影响这些T辅助细胞群体.
主要方法:
- 利用一个人性化的小鼠模型与艾滋病毒和Mycobacterium结核病 (Mtb) 共同感染.
- 评估了脏和肺组织中Th17和Th22细胞的频率和功能.
- 分析病毒载量和宿主免疫反应,包括细胞因子概况和转录组.
主要成果:
- Th17细胞是脏和肺小粒瘤中HIV复制的主要宿主.
- 结核病或结核病-艾滋病毒联合感染的小鼠的肺部Th17细胞增加.
- 在HIV或TB-HIV联合感染的小鼠中,Th22细胞减少,而HIV抑制了对Mtb的Th17细胞因子反应.
结论:
- 同时感染艾滋病毒会损害Th22介导的免疫力.
- 艾滋病毒利用Th17细胞,在Mtb和艾滋病毒联合感染期间促进病毒病原化.
- 这些发现凸显了结核病-艾滋病毒联合感染中的关键免疫失调,影响了Mtb的制.
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