带有生物活性纳米体的工程IgA-Fc融合蛋白中和SARS-CoV-2变种,具有粘膜传递潜力
Rachel M Golonka1, Lauren E Intravaia2, Ala M Shaqra2
1Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605.
The Journal of biological chemistry
|January 30, 2026
概括
新的拉玛衍生IgA纳米体融合蛋白显示出对包括Omicron在内的SARS-CoV-2变种的强烈中和. 鼻内注射降低了小鼠肺部的病毒载量,突出了它们作为粘膜抗病毒药物的潜力.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 生物技术是生物技术.
背景情况:
- 随着COVID-19大流行,人们开始开发基于IgG1的单克隆抗体 (mAbs) 来治疗SARS-CoV-2.
- 免疫球蛋白A (IgA) 在粘膜表面普遍存在,由于其免疫排除和中和作用,因此具有呼吸道感染治疗的潜力.
研究的目的:
- 为了设计和评估IGA-Fc融合蛋白与纳米体 (VHH-IgA) 结合,用于中和SARS-CoV-2变种.
- 在临床前模型中评估VHH-IgA融合蛋白对SARS-CoV-2的治疗疗效.
主要方法:
- 由Delta和Omicron变种的SARS-CoV-2受体结合域 (RBD) 免疫的火生成的菌体显示库.
- 选择和表达的VHH-IgA融合蛋白,在体外评估结合亲和力和对抗SARS-CoV-2变异的中和功效.
- 在K18-hACE2小鼠模型中通过鼻内给药对SARS-CoV-2感染的领先VHH-IgA候选 (2D4) 的疗效进行了评估.
主要成果:
- 确定了248个独特的VHH序列,选择了50个具有高结合和中和能力的候选者.
- 顶级VHH-IgA候选物对多种SARS-CoV-2变种,包括Omicron亚型,表现出高结合亲缘关系 (EC50 < 0.2nM) 和强效中和 (IC50 < 40pM).
- 在感染SARS-CoV-2 XBB的小鼠中,VHH-IgA候选2D4显示出广泛的活性,并显著降低了感染SARS-CoV-2 XBB的小鼠的肺病毒载荷.
结论:
- 设计的VHH-IgA融合蛋白是有效的粘膜抗病毒药物,可以对抗SARS-CoV-2变种.
- VHH-IgA融合蛋白代表了开发下一代生物制剂的有希望的平台,该生物制剂针对粘膜表面的呼吸道病原体.
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