在国家健康和营养检查调查 (NHANES) 2017 - 2018年食品加工分类框架的比较
Shutong Du1, Jiaqi Yang1, Valerie K Sullivan1
1Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
The American journal of clinical nutrition
|January 30, 2026
概括
通过比较食品加工分类系统,可以发现高度加工食品与较差的健康结果之间存在一致的联系,这凸显了需要采用标准化的方法. 这些发现对于营养科学,公共卫生政策以及理解心脏代谢健康至关重要.
科学领域:
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 粮食政策 粮食政策
背景情况:
- 食品加工与不良健康结果的联系是营养科学的一个重点.
- 评估各种食品加工分类系统为研究,健康和政策的定义和影响提供了洞察力.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较NOVA,国际癌症研究机构 (IARC),国际食品信息委员会 (IFIC) 和北卡罗来纳大学 (UNC) 的食品加工分类系统.
- 评估它们的特性,可靠性和与营养摄入量和心脏代谢风险因素的关联.
主要方法:
- 利用了2017-2018年国家健康和营养检查调查 (NHANES) 中4,392名成年参与者的数据.
- 使用四个分类系统对4,605种食品和饮料进行了分类,协调了加工水平,将其分为最小加工,加工和高度加工/配方食品.
- 使用加权线性回归模型分析了社会人口统计学特征,营养特征和心脏代谢风险因素.
主要成果:
- 评价者之间的可靠性在68%至86%之间. 在各个系统中观察到分类比例的显著差异 (例如,对于高度加工的食品,IARC与IFIC).
- 高度加工/配方食品摄入量最大的贡献者包括谷物产品,肉/家禽/鱼类混合物,以及糖/糖果/饮料.
- 高度加工/配方食品的较高摄入量始终与年轻的年龄,特定的种族/族裔群体,较低的教育程度,营养摄入量减少 (蛋白质,纤维,微量营养素),BMI增加和高敏感性C反应蛋白水平升高相关.
结论:
- 尽管分类标准不同,但在营养摄入量,社会人口统计因素和心脏代谢参数方面的系统之间发现了一致的关联.
- 标准化的食品分类系统对于对超加工食品及其对健康影响的统一理解至关重要.
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