职业自行车运动员的临界功率以上性能损失的性别差异
Manuel Mateo-March1, Alejandro Javaloyes1, Manuel Moya-Ramón1
1Sports Research Centre, Department of Sports Sciences, Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Spain.
International journal of sports medicine
|January 30, 2026
概括
男性在临界功率以上的性能下降较女性少,特别是在更长时间,高强度的骑自行车运动中. 这种疲劳耐力的性别差异凸显了在精英自行车运动中需要量身定制的训练策略.
科学领域:
- 体育科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 骑自行车表现 骑自行车表现
背景情况:
- 运动对生理反应的性别差异对于优化运动表现至关重要.
- 了解高于临界功率的性能损失对于精英自行车训练和比赛战术至关重要.
- 有限的研究存在于专业骑自行车者的性别特异性疲劳积累.
研究的目的:
- 调查精英骑自行车运动员在临界功率以上的性能损失的性别特异性差异.
- 分析累积的工作水平和努力持续时间如何影响基于性别的绩效下降.
- 为了将生理标记与观察到的性能差异相关联.
主要方法:
- 在一个赛季内分析了16名女性和17名男性WorldTour职业自行车手的功率输出数据.
- 使用超过临界功率的累积工作 (kJ kg-1) 来量化性能损失.
- 评估各种努力持续时间的功率衰减 (5秒到20分钟).
主要成果:
- 与女性 (29.58±29.35%) 相比,男性在5kJkg-1累积工作 (16.58±10.44%) 时表现明显较低的性能损失.
- 妇女在5分钟的努力中经历了更大的功率衰减,从1kJ kg-1到10-20分钟的努力从1-2kJ kg-1.
- 男人拥有更高的估计最大氧气吸收和临界功率,这表明在持续的高强度努力中有更好的有氧能力.
结论:
- 与精英女性相比,精英男性骑自行车者表现出优越的抗疲劳能力,特别是在高累积工作和长时间高强度运动的情况下.
- 身体因素,包括男性的高有氧能力 (VO2max) 和临界功率,可能是表现可持续性的这些观察到的性别差异的基础.
- 调查结果强调了性别特定的生理评估对于在职业自行车运动中制定个性化的训练和比赛策略的重要性.
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