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塞兰戈尔的麻疹:使用电子麻疹注册表的成人和儿童之间的比较分析,2015-2024年
N S Ismail1,2, M Mariam1, K Faridah2
1Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia.
The Medical journal of Malaysia
|January 30, 2026
概括
麻疹主要影响马来西亚塞兰戈的儿童,尽管成人病例逐渐增加. 加强疫苗接种工作和监测特定年龄趋势对于控制和消除麻疹至关重要.
科学领域:
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
背景情况:
- 麻疹在马来西亚仍然是一个公共卫生问题,尽管疫苗接种率很高,但报告的病例却在增加.
- 在高度接种疫苗的人群中观察到的麻疹年龄分布的潜在转变,需要了解成人与儿童流行病学.
- 这项研究通过比较塞兰州成人和儿童的麻疹来解决针对性干预的急需问题.
研究的目的:
- 为了描述塞兰州成人和儿童的麻疹发病率.
- 为了比较成人和儿童麻疹病例之间的社会人口统计学,临床,疫苗和暴露相关差异.
- 为控制和消除麻疹的公共卫生战略提供信息.
主要方法:
- 这是一项比较的横截面研究,利用了来自塞兰戈尔电子麻疹注册表 (2015-2024) 的二次数据.
- 病例分为成人 (≥18岁) 和儿童 (<18岁);年发病率计算.
- 用于分析的描述性统计和比较测试 (基平方,费舍尔精确,曼 - 惠特尼U).
主要成果:
- 有3954例确诊的麻疹病例:13.7%的成年人,86.3%的儿童.
- 在儿童中发生率始终更高 (RR 14.43-87.65).
- 成人病例呈现逐渐增加,在2023年达到顶峰 (16.4%);在国籍,种族,症状,住院,并发症和疫苗接种状态 (p<0.05) 中发现了显著差异.
结论:
- 麻疹主要影响塞兰戈尔的儿童,但成人病例正在上升.
- 加强国家免疫计划 (NIP) 和幼儿补充免疫活动 (SIA) 是至关重要的.
- 需要对成人和老年儿童病例进行密切监测,以检测流行病学转变;建议加强提供者培训和公众教育.
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