气候变暖的时间反应:野生食草动物是否会交换热量,捕食者和人类?
Noemi Pallari1,2, Niccolò Fattorini1,2, Martina Calosi1
1Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
Integrative zoology
|January 31, 2026
概括
气温的升温导致鹿减少活动,而鹿变得更加夜行. 落山鹿的活动受到狼的影响很小,这表明热量和躲避捕食者之间的权衡.
科学领域:
- 生态与行为科学生态与行为科学
- 野生动物保护和管理.
- 气候变化对动物行为的影响
背景情况:
- 环境变化,包括变暖和人类干扰,改变了哺乳动物的活动模式.
- 尽管捕食者面临应对热压力的风险,但夜间活动的增加可能会发生.
- 了解多种压力因素的综合影响对于预测人口后果至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 研究环境温度,捕食者和人类存在对鹿活动的影响.
- 评估鹿和鹿的时间反应,包括日常活动水平和夜间活动.
- 解开不同环境压力因素对野生动物行为的相对作用.
主要方法:
- 在地中海保护区进行密集的摄像头捕捉 (约12,400个捕捉日;196个地点).
- 对鹿 (Capreolus capreolus) 和鹿 (Dama dama) 的日常活动模式和夜间活动的评估.
- 对环境因素 (温度,捕食者访问,人类存在) 对时间活动的统计分析.
主要成果:
- 这两种鹿种在温度升高后减少了日常活动,这可能是为了温度调节.
- 鹿在变暖时表现出增加的夜间活动,而鹿只对狼的存在表现出弱的反应.
- 人类访问率并没有显著影响这些保护区的活动水平或夜间活动.
结论:
- 对环境变化的特定物种的行为调整是显而易见的,对热量和掠食的反应各不相同.
- 鹿可以平衡避免热量与避免捕食者,而鹿优先考虑温度调节.
- 预期的气候变暖可能会导致这些食草动物物种的不同种群生存能力后果.
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