美国的药房准入和带状疹疫苗接种:倾向性得分匹配分析
Rachel Wittenauer1, Parth D Shah2, Jennifer L Bacci1
1Comparative Health Outcomes, Policy, and Economics (CHOICE) Institute, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, USA.
Vaccine
|January 31, 2026
概括
包括在药房沙漠中的低药房接入率与带状疹疫苗接种率的降低有关. 改善药房准入对于公平的疫苗分配至关重要.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 医疗保健服务研究 医疗服务研究
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
背景情况:
- 社区药剂师对于成年人疫苗接种至关重要.
- 药房沙漠,药房访问有限的地区,影响了美国数百万人.
- 药房荒漠对成年人接种疫苗的影响仍然未得到充分研究.
研究的目的:
- 检查人口普查通道层面的药房准入与带状疹疫苗接种率之间的关联.
- 为了比较带疹疫苗接种收据在药房沙漠与非药房沙漠.
- 调查仅仅地理接入的作用与低收入和地理接入标准的结合.
主要方法:
- 一个倾向得分与美国七个州2022年疫苗接种数据的分析相匹配.
- 人口普查区域根据药店的准入情况进行分类 (药店沙漠,低准入区域).
- 数据包括9,652个人口普查片,代表超过1370万50岁以上的成年人.
主要成果:
- 在药房沙漠和匹配的非药房沙漠之间,在带状疹疫苗接种率上没有发现显著差异 (每1000人中减少0.4人).
- 不管收入如何,地理上药房接入率较低的地区,疫苗接种率明显较低 (每1000人减少2.4;p=0.004).
- 药房沙漠定义中的低收入标准并没有显著提高对疫苗接种机会不足的地区的识别.
结论:
- 药房的地理位置有限,与带状疹疫苗接种率较低有关.
- 药房沙漠的定义可能需要改进,以更好地捕捉疫苗接种方面的差异.
- 建议采取政策干预措施,防止药店关闭,并支持基于药店的疫苗接种服务.
相关概念视频
Vaccinations
51.7K
Overview
51.7K
Sign Test for Matched Pairs
413
The sign test for matched pairs offers a robust method for comparing two paired samples, often for the effects of an intervention in one of them. This method is very useful in situations where the underlying distribution of the data is unknown. The test compares two related samples—often pre- and post-treatment measurements on the same subjects—to determine if there are significant differences in their median values.
To conduct the sign test, we first calculate the differences in...
To conduct the sign test, we first calculate the differences in...
413
Introduction to z Scores
11.2K
A z score (or standardized value) is measured in units of the standard deviation. It tells you how many standard deviations the value x is above (to the right of) or below (to the left of) the mean, μ. Values of x that are larger than the mean have positive z scores, and values of x that are smaller than the mean have negative z scores. If x equals the mean, then x has a zero z score. It is important to note that the mean of the z scores is zero, and the standard deviation is one.
z scores...
z scores...
11.2K
Introduction to z Scores
1.3K
A z score (or standardized value) is measured in units of the standard deviation. It indicates how many standard deviations the value x is above (to the right of) or below (to the left of) the mean, μ. Values of x that are larger than the mean have positive z scores, and values of x that are smaller than the mean have negative z scores. If x equals the mean, then x has a zero z score. It is important to note that the mean of the z scores is zero, and the standard deviation is one.
z scores...
z scores...
1.3K
z Scores and Area Under the Curve
19.6K
z scores are the standardized values obtained after converting a normal distribution into a standard normal distribution. A z score is measured in units of the standard deviation. The z score tells you how many standard deviations the value x is above (to the right of) or below (to the left of) the mean, μ. Values of x that are larger than the mean have positive z scores, and values of x that are smaller than the mean have negative z scores. If x equals the mean, then x has a z score of...
19.6K
Cancer Vaccines
1.0K
Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
1.0K


