促进健康老龄化:对老年人群中营养干预措施的变革效应进行系统审查
Parisa Gholambareshi1, Zahra Arabpour2, Esmaeel Gholizadeh3
1Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
概括
口服营养补充剂 (ONS) 和蛋白质补充剂等营养干预措施显著改善老年人肌肉质量和身体表现. 将这些与运动相结合,可以增强健康衰老的益处.
科学领域:
- 老年学和营养科学研究
- 临床营养研究 临床营养研究
背景情况:
- 人口老龄化面临着诸如营养不良,肉症和虚弱等健康挑战,影响生活质量和增加医疗保健成本.
- 营养干预措施,包括口服营养补充剂 (ONS) 和富含蛋白质的饮食,正在探索它们减轻与年龄相关的健康衰退的潜力.
- 关于这些饮食策略有效性的现有证据仍然不一致,需要进行全面审查.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查饮食干预措施的有效性,特别是ONS和蛋白质补充剂,以改善老年人的健康结果.
- 分析这些干预措施对老年人体构成,肌肉质量,体能和生活质量的影响.
主要方法:
- 从2000年到2024年,在PubMed,Scopus,Embase和Web of Science数据库中进行了系统的文献搜索.
- 包括48项临床试验,遵守PRISMA 2020系统审查指南.
- 评估的主要结果包括身体组成,肌肉质量,身体表现,炎症标志物和生活质量.
主要成果:
- 口服营养补充剂 (ONS) 和蛋白质补充剂,特别是乳清和氨酸丰富的类型,增强肌肉质量,力量,体重和BMI.
- 在ONS/蛋白质补充剂与体育炼的联合干预中,步行速度和手握强度得到了更大的改善.
- ONS显示了住院日数,炎症和氧化应激的减少,尽管对认知结果和脂肪质量的影响是可变的.
结论:
- 营养干预措施,特别是与运动相结合时,为老年人提供了显著的健康益处.
- 需要进一步标准化,高质量的随机对照试验 (RCT),以建立基于证据的饮食指南,以促进各种护理环境的健康衰老.
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