儿科和外科护理电子健康记录的大型语言模型:系统审查
Carmel Daskalo1, Waseem Abu-Ashour2, Jean Marie Tshimula3
1Harvey E. Beardmore Division of Pediatric Surgery, The Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; McGill University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
Journal of pediatric surgery
|January 31, 2026
概括
大型语言模型 (LLM) 在分析儿科和外科护理的电子健康记录 (EHR) 中表现有前途. 然而,目前的研究还处于早期阶段,需要更多的验证才能进行临床整合.
科学领域:
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 医疗保健中的人工智能
- 临床数据分析 临床数据分析
背景情况:
- 大型语言模型 (LLM) 提供了在电子健康记录 (EHR) 中访问非结构化数据的潜力.
- 本综述系统地检查了儿科和外科EHR数据中的LLM应用.
- 它评估模型性能与传统方法相比,并探索临床潜力.
研究的目的:
- 评估LLM在儿科和外科EHR中的当前应用.
- 将LLM的绩效与现有的医疗数据分析方法进行比较.
- 确定LLM在改善患者护理和治疗结果方面的临床潜力.
主要方法:
- 在十个数据库中进行了系统的文献搜索,直到2024年11月,遵守PRISMA指南.
- 涉及LLM应用在EHR的研究被两个审查员独立选.
- 使用PROBAST工具来评估所包含的研究中的偏差风险.
主要成果:
- 在4326项研究中,有44项符合纳入标准,主要涉及外科专业 (68.2%) 和儿科 (25%).
- 来自变压器的双向编码器表示 (BERT) 和ChatGPT是最常见的LLM类型.
- 在78.1%的对比研究中,LLM显示出性能改善,其关键应用在临床文档和决策支持中.
结论:
- 在儿科和外科领域,LLM提供了EHR分析的机会.
- 大多数当前的研究都是初步的,缺乏外部验证和现实世界的工作流程评估.
- 未来的研究必须专注于严格的验证和实践测试,以确保安全的临床实施.
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