在心脏康复计划期间,在非常高和极端心血管风险患者中实现低密度脂蛋白标
Alessandro Maloberti1, Boma Patricia Diri2, Marco Bellomare3
1School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy; Cardiology IV, "A. De Gasperis" Department, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy.
Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD
|January 31, 2026
概括
心脏康复计划可以改善高心血管风险患者的低密度脂蛋白 (LDL) 胆固醇控制. 然而,心血管风险极高的个体需要更专注的识别和治疗策略,以实现最佳的LDL目标.
科学领域:
- 心脏病学 心脏病学
- 预防性心脏病学 预防性心脏病学
- 脂质管理 脂质管理
背景情况:
- 低密度脂蛋白 (LDL) 胆固醇的目标在现实环境中经常无法实现,特别是在心血管 (CV) 风险较高的患者中.
- 心脏康复 (CR) 计划提供了一个结构化的环境来管理心血管风险因素.
研究的目的:
- 在完成CR计划后,评估在非常高和极端心血管风险患者中LDL胆固醇目标的实现.
- 在CR计划队列中,评估随着时间的推移LDL目标实现的趋势.
主要方法:
- 从2012年1月到2023年12月参加CR计划的940名冠状动脉综合征患者的分析.
- 根据日期和风险类别 (极端风险<70 mg/dL,<55 mg/dL和<40 mg/dL) 定义的LDL目标有所不同.
- 收集了有关患者人口统计,LDL胆固醇水平和药物治疗的数据,包括高强度他类药物,ezetimibe,PCSK9抑制剂和bempedoic酸.
主要成果:
- 平均LDL胆固醇从107.3±39.3毫克/分升降至64.5±24.6毫克/分升.
- 总体而言,53.1%的患者实现了他们的LDL目标,近年来观察到的比率更高 (例如,2023年75.7%).
- 只有16.4%的极端心血管风险患者 (29.8%的队列) 达到严格的LDL目标<40 mg/dL,尽管这一比例在2023年提高到22.7%.
结论:
- 在CR计划中,LDL目标的实现令人鼓舞,并且随着时间的推移而有所改善,这可能是由于提高了认识和新的治疗方法.
- 尽管总体上取得了进展,但在实现极端心血管风险患者的LDL目标方面仍然存在重大差距.
- 加强鉴定和量身定制的治疗策略对于优化CV风险最高人群的脂质管理至关重要.
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