在 Simian 和人类免疫缺陷病毒感染患者的治疗免疫接种后,功能性抗体签名
Shlomi Ilan1, Yannic Bartsch1,2, Wonyeong Jung1
1Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
NPJ vaccines
|January 31, 2026
概括
使用Ad26和MVA载体的治疗性HIV疫苗在非人类灵长类动物和艾滋病毒感染者中诱导了功能性抗体. 这些反应,特别是蛋白质增强,显示出控制艾滋病毒病毒载量的潜力.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
- 病毒学 病毒学
背景情况:
- 减少潜伏的HIV-1储存器对于功能治愈至关重要.
- 正在探索治疗性疫苗接种策略,重点关注T细胞反应.
- 抗体效应因子功能的作用,特别是Fc介导的,在艾滋病毒治愈中的作用尚未完全理解.
研究的目的:
- 评估基于Ad26和MVA的HIV-1马赛克疫苗的免疫性和功能性抗体反应.
- 评估这些疫苗对感染SHIV的 rhesus和艾滋病病毒的ART抑制患者的影响.
- 探索Fc介导的幽默免疫对于HIV病毒控制和治愈的潜力.
主要方法:
- 用Ad26和MVA马赛克疫苗对 rhesus macaques 用SHIV和ART抑制的HIV感染者进行疫苗接种.
- 测量Env特异性抗体标位,Fcγ受体结合和Fc依赖性功能 (细胞,补体沉积,NK细胞激活).
- 分析与病毒反弹和ART后病毒设定点相关的幽默反应,并在并行人类研究中进行评估.
主要成果:
- 非人类灵长类动物的疫苗接种增加了抗体标位,Fcγ受体结合和Fc依赖功能,在MVA增强后达到峰值.
- 幽默反应没有预测病毒反弹,但与ART后病毒设定点相反相关,表明病毒控制中的作用.
- 在人类中,用gp140蛋白增强的Ad26马赛克疫苗诱导了最强的功能性抗体反应;Ad26和MVA单独显示了更温和的效果.
结论:
- 基于Ad26的HIV疫苗,特别是蛋白质增强的疫苗,引起了强大的多功能抗体反应.
- 通过Fc介导的幽默免疫对HIV病毒控制有希望.
- 进一步探索这些疫苗策略是必要的,以治愈艾滋病毒的研究,尽管人类病毒学结果需要测试.
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