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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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小RNA,大潜力:基于微RNA的合成基因电路的工程.

Archismita Kundu1, Roman Jerala2

  • 1Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Interdisciplinary Doctoral Study of Biomedicine, Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.

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合成生物学工程微RNA (miR) 电路用于疾病检测. 在miR-ON系统,CRISPR和前循环方面的进步使得精确的传感和治疗应用成为可能.

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科学领域:

  • 生物技术是生物技术.
  • 分子生物学分子生物学
  • 合成生物学 合成生物学

背景情况:

  • 微RNA (miRs) 是小型非编码RNA,对基因调节至关重要.
  • 失调的miR与各种疾病有关,作为潜在的生物标志物.
  • 合成生物学利用miRs来创建用于感知细胞状态的遗传电路.

研究的目的:

  • 审查工程微RNA基基因电路的进化和进步.
  • 要突出从简单的报告系统到复杂的基于逻辑和治疗应用的进展.
  • 讨论当前的挑战和该领域的未来方向.

主要方法:

  • 开发用于基因表达控制的miR-OFF和miR-ON架构.
  • 集成基于逻辑的分类器和分层的监管策略.
  • 实施与CRISPR相关的系统和不连贯的前循环 (iFFLs).

主要成果:

  • 工程电路已经从基本的压制演变为复杂的传感和治疗功能.
  • miR-ON系统,逻辑门和iFFL提高了灵敏度,特异性和稳定性.
  • 基于CRISPR的系统为miR响应提供了新的机制.

结论:

  • 基于微RNA的基因电路正在从诊断到治疗方面取得进展.
  • 克服泄漏,资源竞争和交付方面的挑战是关键.
  • 工具包,建模和交付平台的进步加速了临床翻译.