评估营养安全及其风险因素使用国家家庭食品采购和购买调查数据
Vibha Bhargava1, Jung Sun Lee1, Travis A Smith2
1Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia.
Public health nutrition
|February 2, 2026
概括
营养不安全影响31%的美国家庭,与社会经济因素有关,而不是食物环境的获取. 有针对性的政策干预措施需要改进措施,以加强营养安全.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 健康的社会经济决定因素
背景情况:
- 营养安全,定义为持续获得充足,安全和营养丰富的食物,对整体健康和福祉至关重要.
- 了解营养不安全的普遍性及其相关因素对于制定有效的公共卫生干预措施至关重要.
- 现有的措施可能无法充分捕捉营养安全的复杂性,需要改进的评估工具.
研究的目的:
- 为了估计美国家庭中营养安全的普遍性.
- 检查营养安全与社区粮食环境因素之间的关联,特别是粮食获取和负担能力.
- 确定与营养安全相关的人口,社会经济和健康相关因素.
主要方法:
- 一项采用2012-2013年国家家庭食品采购和购买调查 (FoodAPS) 的数据进行的横截面研究.
- 通过将自我评估的食品安全和自我评价的饮食质量结合起来,开发了一种新的营养安全措施,将其分为四个类别:具有高饮食质量的食品安全 (FSHD),具有低饮食质量的食品安全 (FSLD),具有高饮食质量的食品不安全 (FIHD) 和具有低饮食质量的食品不安全 (FILD).
- 只有FSHD家庭被归类为营养安全. 用多项逻辑分析来识别与营养安全相关的因素,在美国4685个家庭的全国代表性样本中.
主要成果:
- 大约69.0%的家庭被归类为营养安全 (FSHD),而31.0%的家庭营养不安全 (包括FSLD,FIHD和FILD).
- 营养不安全与年龄较小,教育程度较低,收入较低,肥胖,吸烟和自我评估健康状况较差有显著的关联.
- 与预期相反,社区食品环境因素,如食物的地理位置和当地食品价格,与营养安全没有显著的关联. 然而,依赖他人运输到食品商店与营养不安全的可能性更高有关.
结论:
- 开发的营养安全措施为国家对营养安全的监督提供了有价值的工具.
- 该研究强调了社会经济和个人健康因素对营养安全的重大影响,独立于传统的食品环境指标.
- 建议进一步研究包括全面的食品环境措施,以指导旨在改善营养安全的有针对性的政策干预.
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