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整合气候和人为动力学可以为不断下降的鹿种群提供多方面的管理信息
Teagan A Hayes1, Aaron N Johnston2, L Embere Hall3
1U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, West Glacier, Montana, USA.
概括
长期数据显示,鹿 (Odocoileus hemionus) 种群受到气候和能源发展的影响比息地恢复更大. 保护工作必须考虑这些广泛的驱动因素,以有效管理野生动物.
科学领域:
- 野生动物生态学和保护生物学
- 人口动态和人口统计分析.
- 环境科学和气候变化对环境的影响.
背景情况:
- 野生动物群体面临着气候和景观变化带来的前所未有的挑战.
- 长期数据集对于了解人口对相互作用的环境驱动因素的反应至关重要.
- 鹿 (Odocoileus hemionus) 种群正在经历广泛的下降,需要进行深入研究.
研究的目的:
- 量化地方管理和大规模驱动者对鹿幼鹿招募的影响.
- 评估息地条件,能源开发和气候对人口趋势的相对重要性.
- 评估息地恢复的有效性,考虑到滞后和直接的影响.
主要方法:
- 分析了来自美国怀俄明州37个鹿种群的40年 (1980-2019) 的数据集.
- 量化了冬季使用区条件对年青少年招募率的影响.
- 采用多人群,多规模的方法来解开局部和大规模因素的影响.
主要成果:
- 土地覆盖面 (农业,灌木) 对招聘产生了最大的积极影响,但并不普遍存在.
- 能源发展 (石油/天然气,风力) 和气候条件产生了重大影响,由于这些因素,招聘下降.
- 随着冬季气温和夏季降水,招募人数增加,但随着干旱,野火和能源开发,招募人数减少.
结论:
- 干旱和温度等气候因素,以及能源开发,对鹿种群构成重大限制.
- 息地恢复对招募的影响是可变的,取决于处理和息地类型.
- 保护战略必须整合广泛的环境因素,以有效管理鹿种群并支持息地弹性.
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