高近视的诊断挑战:识别危及视力的并发症和人工智能的作用
Shiqi Zhang1, Jiaqi Chen1, Hongli Yang2
1Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Frontiers in ophthalmology
|February 2, 2026
概括
高近视 (HM) 是一个日益严重的全球健康问题,与严重的眼睛疾病有关. 先进的诊断,包括人工智能,对于早期检测和管理这些危及视力的并发症至关重要.
科学领域:
- 眼科医生 眼科 眼科
- 医疗成像医学成像
- 人工智能的人工智能
背景情况:
- 高近视 (HM) 是一种普遍的疾病,特别是在东亚,其特点是折射误差或轴长度超过特定值.
- HM显著增加了严重的眼睛病理的风险,如近视性黄斑病变,胸腔新血管化,视网膜脱落和玻璃眼.
- 这些并发症的复杂和多样化的表现提出了诊断挑战,可能会推迟及时治疗.
研究的目的:
- 审查目前关于高近视的知识,重点关注其眼部并发症和诊断挑战.
- 总结HM的传统和新兴诊断技术.
- 突出人工智能 (AI) 在提高HM诊断精度方面的作用.
主要方法:
- 关于高近视及其并发症的当前文献的综述.
- 诊断技术的总结,包括光学连贯断层扫描 (OCT),超广场成像和光脉动扫描.
- 分析人工智能和机器学习在诊断HM相关病理方面的应用和潜力.
主要成果:
- 传统和先进的成像技术有助于诊断HM并发症.
- 人工智能和机器学习在检测从视网膜图像和OCT数据的HM相关病态方面表现出高的灵敏度和特异性.
- 人工智能为大规模查和高近视早期干预策略提供了潜力.
结论:
- 先进的诊断工具对于管理高近视及其相关的视力威胁状况至关重要.
- 人工智能和多式联络成像平台在提高诊断准确性和实现个性化管理方面表现有前途.
- 需要对集成平台,生物标志物和人工智能驱动的预测模型进行进一步的研究,以应对日益增长的高近视负担.
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