在基因病理图像中基于生物特征的机器学习:系统性审查
Stéphane Treillard1,2,3, Robin Schwob1,3,4, Sandrine Mouysset3,5
1CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
Journal of pathology informatics
|February 2, 2026
概括
使用手工制作的生物特征的机器学习为数字病理学中的深度学习提供了可解释的替代方案. 这一系统性审查分析了这些功能如何在血素和素图像中解决医疗问题.
科学领域:
- 数字病理学和微观图像的计算分析.
- 人工智能 (AI) 在医学诊断和病理学中.
- 生物医学图像分析和机器学习应用.
背景情况:
- 深度学习 (DL) 模型在组织病理幻灯片分析方面表现出色,但缺乏可解释性.
- 从生物物体 (核,细胞,组织) 中手工制造的特征提供了更好的解释性.
- 机器学习 (ML) 与手工制作的功能可以补充DL用于病理学家的协助.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查用于医疗问题的血素和乙素 (H&E) 显微镜图像中生物特征的使用.
- 在出版文献中识别特征类别,数据源和医学应用.
- 评估方法上的局限性,并确定在病理学中解释AI的有希望的途径.
主要方法:
- 系统的文献审查遵循PRISMA指南.
- 分析了2005年1月至2025年5月间发表的97篇文章.
- 从PubMed,IEEE和ACM数据库提取数据,专注于功能类型,来源和医学问题.
主要成果:
- 确定了三个主要特征类别:纹理/颜色,形态和拓.
- 最常见的特征来自细分细胞 (80项研究) 和组织 (28项研究).
- 这些特征应用于七个医学问题:正常与疾病,亚型,分级,表型,物体检测,预后和治疗反应.
结论:
- 方法限制包括解释性挑战,数据泄露和小样本大小.
- 以域为灵感的功能工程增强了可解释性和特异性.
- 增加功能工程的方法严谨性可以提高AI模型在病理学中的相关性和可靠性.
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