一个Sentinel-1 SAR图像数据集用于在巴西亚马逊雨林中检测和细分跑道
Leandro da Silva Gomes1, Gustavo Henrique de Queiroz Stabile1, Tahisa Neitzel Kuck2
1Aeronautics Institute of Technology (ITA): Praça Marechal Eduardo Gomes, 50, Vila das Acácias, São José dos Campos, SP 12228-900, Brazil.
Data in brief
|February 2, 2026
概括
这个数据集使用Sentinel-1合成孔径雷达 (SAR) 图像来检测巴西亚马逊地区的非法跑道. 它支持机器学习,用于云覆盖地区的环境监测和安全.
科学领域:
- 遥感 遥感 遥感 遥感
- 计算机视觉 计算机视觉
- 环境监测 环境监测
背景情况:
- 巴西亚马逊雨林是一个生物多样性地区,面临着非法活动的威胁,特别是未经授权的跑道.
- 亚马逊地区持续存在的云层阻碍了光学卫星监测.
- 合成孔径雷达 (SAR) 图像为有效的区域监控提供了可行的替代方案.
研究的目的:
- 开发和提供一个数据集,用于训练和评估机器学习模型的机场检测和细分.
- 支持使用SAR图像在巴西亚马逊地区监测非法人类活动.
- 促进遥感,计算机视觉和环境安全方面的研究.
主要方法:
- 利用了在2021-2024年期间获得的Sentinel-1卫星SAR图像.
- 嵌入的历史图像 (2014-2021) 用于变化检测任务.
- 结构化数据用于对象检测 (例如YOLOv8),语义细分 (例如U-Net) 和变更检测.
主要成果:
- 该数据集包含来自MapBiomas项目的已知1040个机场位置.
- 包括为对象检测,语义细分和变更检测量身定制的特定图像和注释.
- 为GIS集成和可视化提供地理空间文件 (Shapefile,GeoPackage).
结论:
- 这一数据集对于推进用于监测偏远森林地区不规则活动的自动化系统至关重要.
- 它使研究人员能够开发和完善用于环境和安全监督的机器学习技术.
- 促进更好地了解和管理巴西亚马逊的生态和经济资源.
相关概念视频
02:15SN1 Reaction: Stereochemistry
10.3K
This lesson provides an in-depth discussion of the stereochemical outcomes in an SN1 reaction.
In the first step of an SN1 reaction, the bond between the electrophilic carbon and the leaving group ionizes to generate the carbocation intermediate. The second step of the mechanism is the nucleophilic attack.
In the formed carbocation, the positively charged carbon is sp2 hybridized with a trigonal planar geometry. As all the three substituents lie on the same plane, a plane of symmetry for the...
In the first step of an SN1 reaction, the bond between the electrophilic carbon and the leaving group ionizes to generate the carbocation intermediate. The second step of the mechanism is the nucleophilic attack.
In the formed carbocation, the positively charged carbon is sp2 hybridized with a trigonal planar geometry. As all the three substituents lie on the same plane, a plane of symmetry for the...
10.3K
02:05SN1 Reaction: Kinetics
9.6K
In an SN2 reaction, the reaction rate depends on both the type of nucleophile and the substrate. A hindered tertiary alkyl halide is practically inert to the SN2 mechanism despite using a strong nucleophile.
However, Sir Christopher Ingold and Edward D. Hughes, who studied the kinetics of various nucleophilic substitution reactions, noticed that a tertiary alkyl halide does undergo a nucleophilic substitution reaction in the presence of a weak nucleophile. While studying the substitution...
However, Sir Christopher Ingold and Edward D. Hughes, who studied the kinetics of various nucleophilic substitution reactions, noticed that a tertiary alkyl halide does undergo a nucleophilic substitution reaction in the presence of a weak nucleophile. While studying the substitution...
9.6K
02:25SN1 Reaction: Mechanism
14.3K
Kinetic studies of ionization of a tertiary halide in a protic solvent suggest that only the substrate participates in the rate-determining step (slow step). The nucleophile is involved only after the slowest step. The SN1 reaction takes place in a multiple-step mechanism.
Firstly, the haloalkane ionizes to generate a carbocation intermediate and a halide ion. This heterolytic cleavage is highly endothermic with large activation energy. The ionization of the substrate, facilitated by a...
Firstly, the haloalkane ionizes to generate a carbocation intermediate and a halide ion. This heterolytic cleavage is highly endothermic with large activation energy. The ionization of the substrate, facilitated by a...
14.3K
02:42Acidity of 1-Alkynes
11.2K
The acidic strength of hydrocarbons follows the order: Alkynes > Alkenes > Alkanes. The strength of an acid is commonly expressed in units of pKa — the lower the pKa, the stronger the acid. Among the hydrocarbons, terminal alkynes have lower pKa values and are, therefore, more acidic. For example, the pKa values for ethane, ethene, and acetylene are 51, 44, and 25, respectively, as shown here.
11.2K
02:27Predicting Products: SN1 vs. SN2
17.3K
Nucleophilic substitution reactions of alkyl halides can proceed via an SN1 or an SN2 mechanism. While in SN2 reactions, the nucleophile attacks the substrate simultaneously as the leaving group departs, in SN1 reactions, the substrate first dissociates to give the carbocation intermediate. Various factors such as the structure of the substrate, the strength of the nucleophile, and the nature of the solvent promote one mechanism over the other.
With increased substitution on the alkyl halide,...
With increased substitution on the alkyl halide,...
17.3K
01:28Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis
4.6K
Direct alkylation is not a suitable method for synthesizing amines because it produces polyalkylated products. Gabriel synthesis is the most preferred method to exclusively make primary amines. The method uses phthalimide, which contains a protected form of nitrogen that participates in alkylation only once to predominantly give primary amines.
Strong bases like NaOH or KOH deprotonate the phthalimide to form the corresponding anion, which acts as a nucleophile. Further, the anion attacks an...
Strong bases like NaOH or KOH deprotonate the phthalimide to form the corresponding anion, which acts as a nucleophile. Further, the anion attacks an...
4.6K