球类型和成熟状态对10岁以下网球运动员比赛负载的影响
Manrique Rodríguez-Campos1, Ana Piquer-Piquer1, José María Giménez-Egido2
1Research Group on Sports Technique and Tactics, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
Frontiers in psychology
|February 2, 2026
概括
青少年网球中的低压缩绿球不会增加10岁以下球员的体力要求. 生物成熟度,而不是球类型,显著影响比赛负载,突出了基于成熟度的训练个性化的需要.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 儿童运动生理学 运动生理学
- 网球生物力学 网球生物力学
背景情况:
- 建议对青少年网球进行修改设备,包括低压缩球,以增强学习和长期运动员发展.
- 关于这些改造球在10岁以下 (U10) 竞技球员的身体需求的研究有限,特别是关于生物成熟的研究.
研究的目的:
- 研究低压缩绿球与标准球对10岁以下竞技网球运动员体验的外部体力负荷的影响.
- 为了检查生物成熟的影响,以及其他因素,在模拟U10网球比赛期间的身体需求.
主要方法:
- 分析了19名10岁以下网球运动员 (平均年龄10.17岁) 的72场模拟锦标赛比赛.
- 玩家使用绿色 (25%低压缩) 和标准网球进行比赛.
- 使用WIMU ProTM惯性设备测量了外部负载变量 (活跃时间,恢复,工作休息比);控制了生物成熟 (PHV),练习历史和身体活动.
主要成果:
- 球类型在外部负载上显示了微不足道的差异,证据支持了零假设,并表明了微不足道的实际意义.
- 生物成熟度 (PHV) 是对比赛需求的最重要的预测因素,球员接近峰值高度速度,表现出减少的活跃时间.
- 中等到强有力的证据证实了生物成熟对调节活跃时间和工作休息比的有意义影响.
结论:
- 低压缩的绿球为U10网球提供了教学上的好处,而不会增加体力,使它们在发育上适合.
- 生物学成熟是影响年轻网球运动员对比赛需求的关键因素,而不是球类型.
- 教练应该优先考虑基于成熟度的个性化,并指导过渡到标准球,而不是仅仅依赖时间的年龄.
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