在来自SPARK数据库的两个美国自闭症成年人样本中,性别多元身份的比例过高
Lindsay Bungert1,2,3, Cindy E Li2, Annie L Cardinaux1,3
1McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Autism in adulthood
|February 2, 2026
概括
在美国,自闭症成年人中性别多样性明显过度,在性别多样性自闭症个体中报告的焦虑和情绪障碍的比率更高. 这凸显了在自闭症研究和护理中考虑性别认同的必要性.
科学领域:
- 神经发育障碍 神经发育障碍
- 性别研究是性别研究.
- 心理健康研究 心理健康研究
背景情况:
- 以前的研究表明,性别多元的人群中自闭症特征的流行率更高,反之亦然.
- 关于自闭症成年人群中性别多样性的证据有限,特别是在美国.
研究的目的:
- 为了确定美国自闭症成年人中性别多样性的流行程度.
- 调查不同性别自闭症成年人焦虑和/或情绪障碍的同时发生情况.
主要方法:
- 通过西蒙斯基金会Powering Autism Research for Knowledge (SPARK) 数据库招募的两个自闭症成年人的独立样本 (数据集1:n=205,数据集2:n=243) 的分析.
- 与一般成年人群的性别多样性患病率的比较.
- 检查性别多样性与诊断的焦虑和/或情绪障碍之间的关联.
主要成果:
- 在16.1% (数据集1) 和19.8% (数据集2) 的自闭症成年人中发现了性别多样性,明显超过了一般人口的估计值 (0.5%-4.5%).
- 与非性别多样性自闭症成年人相比,性别多样性自闭症成年人报告诊断的焦虑和/或情绪障碍的可能性高达六倍.
- 调查结果与国际报告一致,并表明患病率高于之前的一些估计.
结论:
- 自闭症研究必须将性别认同与出生时分配的性别相结合.
- 性别多样化的自闭症个体可能面临着更高的心理健康挑战,需要有针对性的注意力和护理.
- 更好地了解自闭症的性别多样性对于加强支持和临床实践至关重要.
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