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美国成年人根据残疾状况和人口统计学交叉点的焦虑或抑郁趋势,2019-2023年
David Adzrago1, Kayo Fujimoto2, J Michael Wilkerson2
1Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
JAMA network open
|February 2, 2026
概括
2019-2023年,美国成年人中焦虑和抑郁的患病率增加,特别是在没有残疾的人群中. 需要有针对性的心理健康干预措施来解决残疾和人口群体之间的差异.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 心理健康研究 心理健康研究
背景情况:
- 焦虑和抑郁是美国疾病负担的主要原因.
- 在残疾状况和人口统计学方面,心理健康状况的趋势未得到充分研究.
研究的目的:
- 检查2019年至2023年美国成年人中焦虑和抑郁的流行趋势.
- 根据残疾状况和人口特征分析这些趋势.
主要方法:
- 使用国家卫生面试调查 (2019-2023) 进行的横截面研究.
- 包括18岁以上的非机构化美国平民成年人.
- 分析了自己报告的焦虑/抑郁症状,使用华盛顿残疾统计学小组的功能扩展集.
- 雇员加入点回归以估计年龄标准化流行趋势和平均年均百分比变化 (AAPC).
主要成果:
- 在没有残疾的人群中,焦虑或抑郁的患病率显著增加 (AAPC,3.93%).
- 在没有残疾的种族/族群中,患病率增加,特别是在黑人 (AAPC,4.77%) 和其他种族/族群 (AAPC,6.95%) 的人群中.
- 在没有残疾的女性 (AAPC,3.50%) 和有残疾的男性 (AAPC,3.25%) 和没有残疾的男性 (AAPC,4.62%) 中观察到增加.
- 与残疾人 (AAPC,3.46%) 和美国出生的人没有残疾人 (AAPC,3.75%) 相比,在美国以外出生的人没有残疾人显示出更高的增加 (AAPC,5.57%).
- 在美国以外出生但没有残疾的黑人女性的增长率最高 (AAPC,14.89%).
结论:
- 观察到焦虑或抑郁的流行趋势越来越高,特别是在没有残疾的人群中.
- 在种族和种族,性别和出生地之间注意到了显著的差异.
- 研究结果强调需要有针对性的心理健康干预措施来解决这些差异.
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