埃塞俄比亚印吉巴拉镇饮用水质量的时间和空间动态
Selamawit S Engidayehu1, Demelash D Abadefar2, Bekele G Ararso3
1Water Resources and Irrigation Engineering Department, Woldia Institute of Technology, Woldia University, P.O. Box 400, Woldia, Ethiopia.
概括
印吉巴拉镇的安全饮用水面临着挑战. 虽然大多数参数符合标准,但铁,TDS和度超过了限制,大肠杆菌的广泛传播表明了污染风险.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 评估水质水质的评估.
背景情况:
- 埃塞俄比亚城镇的快速城市化和恶劣的卫生条件对获得安全饮用水构成了挑战.
- 印吉巴拉镇的供水面临着与处理限制和基础设施相关的问题.
- 评估水质对于快速发展的城市地区的公共卫生至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估印吉巴拉镇饮用水的物理化学和细菌学质量.
- 识别不同来源和分布点的水质的空间和时间变化.
- 将水质参数与世界卫生组织 (WHO) 和埃塞俄比亚标准进行比较.
主要方法:
- 在2024年3月至8月期间,从18个地点 (钻井,喷泉,水库,配送点) 收集了268个三重水样.
- 根据世界卫生组织和埃塞俄比亚标准,分析了物理化学和细菌学参数的样本.
- 使用ANOVA和Pearson相关性监测剩余水平并评估时空变化.
主要成果:
- 大多数水质参数都符合既定标准.
- 检测到铁 (钻孔),总溶解固体 (TDS) (BH2) 和度 (春季,雨季) 的水平较高.
- 所有水源都存在大肠杆菌总量,含量在水库中的度过高,但在分布点的度较低.
结论:
- 印吉巴拉镇的饮用水质量从来源到分配都在下降,原因是化不足,卫生条件差,基础设施老化.
- 较弱的化和快速的衰变构成严重的污染风险.
- 建议包括加强化,保护水源,改善卫生和排水,并实施定期监测.
相关概念视频
01:19Quality of Water
561
In concrete preparation, the quality of water is paramount as it affects the strength and durability of the concrete. Potable water is usually preferred; however, it must not have excessive sodium or potassium to prevent compromising the concrete's integrity. Water quality is typically evaluated based on impurities such as dissolved solids, chlorides, and sulfates, and its pH value is ideally between 6 and 8. Even slightly acidic natural water may be acceptable unless it contains harmful...
561
01:14Testing Water Quality
390
When the quality of water for concrete preparation is uncertain, its impact on the setting time of cement and compressive strength of mortar is assessed by comparison with de-ionized or distilled water benchmarks. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) C1602 requires the setting times to be within 90 minutes of the control, British Standard (BS) 3146:1980 allows a 30-minute variance in the initial setting, while British Standards European Norm (BS EN) 1008 specifies initial setting...
390
01:23States of Water
56.9K
Water exists in any one of the three classical states: solid (ice), liquid (water), and gas (steam or water vapor). The state of water depends on i) the intermolecular forces that draw molecules together and ii) the kinetic energy that leads to movements that pull them apart.
Water freezes when the intermolecular forces are greater than the kinetic energy. Unlike most other substances, water is less dense in its solid state than in its liquid state. This is because each water molecule can form...
Water freezes when the intermolecular forces are greater than the kinetic energy. Unlike most other substances, water is less dense in its solid state than in its liquid state. This is because each water molecule can form...
56.9K
01:05Quality Control
2.5K
Quality control is one of the three cyclical quality assurance activities that help keep a system under statistical control. Typical quality control activities include creating quality control charts, conducting proficiency testing, and documenting and archiving results.
Quality control helps track data, visualize trends, and identify variations, making it easier to detect deviations that may affect the accuracy of an analysis. One way to do this is by generating a quality control chart, which...
Quality control helps track data, visualize trends, and identify variations, making it easier to detect deviations that may affect the accuracy of an analysis. One way to do this is by generating a quality control chart, which...
2.5K
01:19Quality Assurance
2.2K
Quality assurance is the overarching term used to describe the activities employed to ensure the proper performance of a system. These activities can be classified into three categories: quality control, quality assessment, and internal corrective measures. Typically, these activities work cyclically: quality control is performed before and during the analysis, while quality assessment occurs during and after the investigation. Internal corrective measures are implemented based on the findings...
2.2K
01:00The Water Cycle
28.5K
The Earth’s hydrosphere includes all of the areas where the storage and movement of water occurs. Since water is the basis of all living processes, the cycling of water is extremely important to ecosystem dynamics.
28.5K