在莫桑比克提高香烟税效率:使用烟草消费税模拟模型 (TETSiM) 进行模拟分析
Vanessa Darsamo1, Zunda Chisha1,2, Georgina Bonet Arroyo3
1Research Unit on the Economics of Excisable Products, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
PloS one
|February 2, 2026
概括
莫桑比克 莫桑比克的莫桑比克是一个国家.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 卫生经济学 卫生经济学
- 烟草控制政策 烟草控制政策
背景情况:
- 莫桑比克的香烟价格税率比南非发展共同体的平均水平低得多.
- 目前销量最高的品牌的税收份额为14.7% (消费税) 和28.5% (总额),而区域平均水平分别为36.7%和51.6%.
研究的目的:
- 模拟香烟消费税大幅增加对价格,税收份额,消费,税收收入和莫桑比克吸烟率的影响.
- 评估2023年至2028年期间三个不同的增税情景.
主要方法:
- 使用烟草消费税模拟模型 (TETSiM).
- 模拟了三个情景:情景1 (立法增加+每年4%),情景2 (通货膨胀+收入增长+每年30%与完整的税收通过),和情景3 (情景2税收调整与税收过度转移特定品牌).
主要成果:
- 到2028年,第一情景显示,消费税占比下降至13.9%,总税占比下降至27.7%.
- 情景2和3预计消费税份额 (40.2%和35.8%) 及总税份额 (53.9%和48.1%) 分别大幅增加.
- 与情景1 (9.77%) 相比,在情景2 (至8.23%) 和情景3 (至8.08%) 中,吸烟率预计将下降.
- 预计第二种情景将产生最高的总税收收入,增长173%.
结论:
- 大幅提高香烟消费税对于改善莫桑比克的公共卫生和财政可持续性至关重要.
- 目前的税收政策不足以制吸烟的流行或显著增加税收.
- 建议与情景2或3相协调的政策改革,以实现所需的公共卫生和经济成果.
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