通过参数人类建模和自适应设计优化,改善前额撞车中男女安全平衡
Wenbo Sun1, Jingwen Hu1, Yang-Shen Lin1
1University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.
Stapp car crash journal
|February 2, 2026
概括
适应性约束设计显著减少所有驾驶员的碰撞伤害,特别是在高速冲击中. 这种方法尽量减少男性和女性乘客之间的受伤风险差异,提高整体车辆安全.
科学领域:
- 生物机械工程 生物机械工程
- 汽车安全 汽车安全
- 计算建模 计算建模
背景情况:
- 之前的研究表明,在正面撞车时,受伤风险存在基于性别的差异.
- 这些差异可能源于身体尺寸,解剖学和姿势的变化.
- 优化车辆控制系统对于缓解这些差异至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 开发各种各样的人体模型 (HBM),代表各种各样的男性和女性身体类型.
- 使用这些HBM进行基于人口的正面撞击模拟.
- 探索适应式安全装置设计,以提高安全性和减少性别之间的受伤风险差异.
主要方法:
- 通过网状变形技术生成了200个HBM.
- 使用自动化框架进行了1000次正面碰撞模拟.
- 开发了一个使用高斯过程 (GP) 进行设计优化的替代模型.
- 利用两个优化方案来最大限度地降低人口受伤风险和基于性别的差异.
主要成果:
- 适应式安全套设计,包括安全带和安全气囊调整,对碰撞严重程度 (Delta-V) 很敏感.
- 最佳策略包括更高的安全带负荷限制,增加安全气囊膨胀,以及高BMI乘客的特定方向盘力量.
- 适应性设计将人群受伤概率降低了高达38.8%,并显著减少了基于性别的受伤风险差异.
- 一个性别平衡的克制策略维持了男性和女性驾驶员的相似伤害风险.
结论:
- 这项研究开创了对碰撞模拟和自适应式控制系统优化的整合,以实现平衡的乘客安全.
- 高斯过程建模被证明是有限元模拟的替代品.
- 适应式安全套系统在减少整体伤害风险和促进不同人群平等安全方面表现有前途.
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