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ML辅助的嗅觉流行病学调查 城市化中国:在延的一个基于人口的研究
Yunpeng Zang1, Xiang Gao2, Wenqi Chen3
1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Affiliated Hospital Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu Province, China.
The Laryngoscope
|February 2, 2026
概括
头部创伤和慢性鼻炎是中国城市化中的嗅觉功能障碍 (OD) 的主要原因. 城市生活和老龄化也对外观疾病有很大的贡献,强调了有针对性的干预和政策改革的必要性.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 耳鼻喉科 耳鼻喉科 耳鼻喉科
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 中国的城市化与空气污染的增加有关,这是嗅觉功能障碍 (OD) 的潜在危险因素.
- 基于人口的研究调查城市化,空气污染和中国的OD之间的联系是稀缺的.
- 了解不同人群中的OD患病率和风险因素对于公共卫生倡议至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 研究中国人口中城市化相关因素与嗅觉功能障碍之间的关联.
- 确定主要的风险因素和嗅觉功能障碍的独特表型.
- 分析衰老和环境暴露对嗅觉能力的影响.
主要方法:
- 一项涉及1500名参与者进行的横截面研究,涉及到中国 (2023-2025) 延的城市化.
- 使用Sniffin' Sticks测试评估的嗅觉功能.
- 机器学习算法 (XGBoost,k-means集群) 用于风险因素和表型分析.
主要成果:
- 头部创伤 (OR=163.04) 和慢性鼻炎 (CRS,OR=161.39) 被确定为OD的主要危险因素 (p<0.001).
- 与城市居民相比,农村居民的OD风险明显较低 (OR=0.011,p<0.0001).
- 确定了四种OD亚型:与鼻炎相关的,与年龄相关的,与神经系统疾病相关的和儿童特有的轻度功能障碍. 63岁以后,嗅觉能力显著下降,从童年到老年,厌氧症增加了四倍.
结论:
- 头部创伤和鼻炎是中国城市化中OD最重要的危险因素.
- 城市居住 (作为空气污染的代理) 和衰老是嗅觉功能障碍的重要因素.
- 在制定有针对性的干预措施和为环境和临床管理策略提供信息方面,OD的表型分层是必不可少的.
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