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Updated: Feb 4, 2026

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为残疾人提供城市基本公共服务设施的可访问性评估:北京市中心的一个案例研究
Ying Sun1, Xiangfeng Li1, Zhizhe Sun2
1School of Architecture, Southeast University, Nanjing.
Geospatial health
|February 3, 2026
概括
城市规划必须优先考虑弱势群体平等获得公共设施. 这项研究揭示了北京的显著空间不平等,强调了需要以用户为中心的方法来改善可访问性和包容性城市增长.
科学领域:
- 城市规划 城市规划
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 空间分析 空间分析
背景情况:
- 城市基本公共服务设施对于社会公平和福祉至关重要.
- 传统的资源分配方法对于优化城市资源和确保公平获取是不够的.
- 公平和正义需要重新评估设施分配,特别是对弱势群体的分配.
研究的目的:
- 评估北京残疾人公共服务设施的可访问性.
- 在微小规模上识别设施分布和可访问性的空间不平等.
- 提出改善设施覆盖范围,空间组织和街道水平可访问性的方法.
主要方法:
- 使用基于GIS的分析框架,结合了内核密度分析,基于表面的热点检测,网络分析和反向距离权重.
- 纳入了15分钟生活圈概念和残疾人的步行速度.
- 分析了来自北京6080个住宅区的数据.
主要成果:
- 在不同服务类别的设施可访问性和分布方面发现了显著的空间差异.
- 发现集中在特定地区的高可访问性集群,设施位置和服务需求之间不匹配.
- 突出了街道网络支持不足,影响了残疾人的可访问性.
结论:
- 目前的设施分布表现出明显的不平等,需要从基本覆盖转向以用户为中心的服务质量.
- 优化空间组织和改善街道水平的可访问性对于包容性城市发展至关重要.
- 该研究支持通过加强以公平为重点的城市规划策略来支持可持续的土地资源使用.
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