使用不平衡数据预测心血管疾病:2022年BRFSS数据集的XGBoost分析
Masoud Imani1,2, Ali Maroosi3, Seyedshayan Shojaei4
1Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice
|February 3, 2026
概括
机器学习模型使用国家卫生数据确定了主要心血管疾病 (CVD) 风险因素,包括年龄,男性性别和糖尿病. 调查结果为针对心血管疾病和风险分层的有针对性的预防策略提供了信息.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
背景情况:
- 心血管疾病 (CVD) 是全球主要的死亡原因.
- 人口,临床,行为和社会因素的复杂相互作用有助于CVD.
- 像2022行为风险因素监测系统 (BRFSS) 这样的国家数据集对于识别风险模式和差异至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 利用2022年BRFSS数据集的机器学习来识别心血管疾病的关键预测因素.
- 监测心血管疾病风险在人口层面的差异.
- 为目标心血管疾病预防和风险分层策略提供信息.
主要方法:
- 来自2022年BRFSS调查的221,643名参与者的分析.
- 使用十倍交叉验证开发和评估四种机器学习模型 (XGBoost,随机森林,后勤回归,天真贝叶斯).
- 用于特征重要性的SHAP值和用于类不平衡的合成少数人过量采样技术 (SMOTE).
主要成果:
- XGBoost实现了最高的预测性能 (准确率为94.2%,F1得分为85.3%).
- 确定了关键预测因素:年龄≥65,男性性别,糖尿病,脏疾病,就业状况和社会隔离.
- 观察到从不吸烟和高等教育的保护作用;在特定子组中注意到BMI悖论的异质性.
结论:
- 2022年BRFSS数据揭示了既定和新兴的心血管疾病风险决定因素,包括并发症相互作用和社会隔离.
- 机器学习模型为心血管疾病风险预测和分层提供了宝贵的见解.
- 国家监测数据对于制定可行的心血管疾病预防策略至关重要.
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