不同的发育障碍定义和对结果的影响
1Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
JAMA health forum
|February 3, 2026
概括
发育障碍 (DD) 的定义显著影响患病率估计和服务需求. 更狭窄的定义可以更好地识别处于分离和公共服务利用风险较高的个人.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 医疗保健服务研究 医疗服务研究
- 关于残疾人的研究.
背景情况:
- 不同的发展障碍 (DD) 定义导致不同的人口特征.
- 了解这些差异对于有效的政策分析和服务规划至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 分析四个不同的发展障碍 (DD) 定义的分配影响.
- 利用2023年收入和计划参与调查 (SIPP) 和住宅信息系统项目 (RISP) 的数据.
主要方法:
- 使用2023年SIPP数据进行横截面研究,包括机构化个人.
- 基于自我报告的诊断和查问题的四个DD定义.
- 分析流行情况,长期服务和支持 (LTSS) 使用情况,住宅环境,收入支持,就业和损害特征.
主要成果:
- 发育障碍 (DD) 的患病率差异很大,从4.17%到15.93%的儿童/年轻成人和1.24%到8.10%的成年人,这取决于所使用的定义.
- 更广泛的定义与增加的就业相关,但降低了LTSS资格,集体设置安置和收入支持收款.
- 更狭窄的定义确定了具有更高LTSS资格和集体设置配置的群体.
结论:
- 选择发育障碍 (DD) 定义显著影响患病率估计和人口对服务的相关性.
- 更狭窄的定义可能更准确地识别出面临更高隔离风险的个人以及最有可能需要公共资助的DD服务的人.
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