2024-2025年COVID-19疫苗接种对严重COVID-19的估计有效性
Kevin C Ma1, Alexander Webber1, Adam S Lauring2,3
1Coronavirus and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
JAMA network open
|February 3, 2026
概括
2024-2025年COVID-19疫苗在演变的SARS-CoV-2 JN.1后裔系中显示出对住院和严重结果的有效性,包括侵入性机械通风或死亡. 对疫苗有效性的持续监测对于指导未来的疫苗接种策略和疫苗成分至关重要.
科学领域:
- 病毒学和免疫学 病毒学和免疫学
- 公共卫生和流行病学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
背景情况:
- 由于SARS-CoV-2的不断演变,特别是JN.1血统的后代,因此需要持续评估COVID-19疫苗的有效性.
- 了解VE对严重结局的了解对于通知和调整公共疫苗接种策略来应对新出现的病毒变异至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 估计2024-2025年COVID-19疫苗的VE,以防止COVID-19相关的住院和严重的住院结果.
- 根据疫苗接种以来的时间分层分析VE,特定的JN.1后裔系 (KP.3.1.1,XEC,LP.8.1) 和免疫逃避尖端蛋白突变.
主要方法:
- 一项多中心,检测阴性,病例控制研究,涉及2024年9月至2025年4月期间住院患有COVID-19类疾病的成年患者.
- 病例患者的SARS-CoV-2检测结果呈阳性,而对照患者的检测结果呈阴性.
- 使用后勤回归计算VE为 (1 - 调整的赔率比率) × 100%,调整相关共变量.
主要成果:
- 总体而言,针对COVID-19相关住院的VE为40%,疫苗接种后长达179天的持续保护.
- 针对包括侵入性机械通风或死亡在内的严重结局的VE特别高,为79%.
- 根据血统的有效性有所不同,VE对KP.3.1.1住院的比例为49%,XEC为34%,LP.8.1为24%.
结论:
- 2024-2025年COVID-19疫苗在JN.1后裔系的循环期间提供了显著的保护,防止住院和严重的结果.
- 在不同的SARS-CoV-2血统中,VE变异,并受到尖端蛋白突变的影响,突出了需要进行血统特定分析的需要.
- 通过病毒系和突变对VE的持续监测和分层对于优化COVID-19疫苗成分和建议至关重要.
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