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美国各行业的累积化学风险和相关有毒效应等级,来自监管检查
Philippe Sarazin1,2, Maude Pomerleau1, Chelsea Almadin2,3
1Chemical and Biological Hazards Prevention, Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail, 505 Boulevard de Maisonneuve O, Montréal, Québec H3A 3C2, Canada.
Annals of work exposures and health
|February 3, 2026
概括
工人经常面临危险的化学物质组合,这些组合往往被单一药物的风险评估所遗漏. 本研究强调了需要累积风险评估 (CRA) 的行业和代理商,以提高工作场所安全.
科学领域:
- 职业健康和安全问题 职业健康和安全问题
- 毒理学 毒理学 毒理学
- 工业卫生 工业卫生
背景情况:
- 工人经常暴露在多种化学剂中,这使得准确的风险评估变得复杂.
- 仅有有限的数据可用于为累积风险评估 (CRA) 优先考虑药剂,毒性影响或行业.
- 职业安全与健康管理局 (OSHA) 数据库提供了广泛的暴露测量用于分析.
研究的目的:
- 用OSHA数据来描述美国工作场所的累积化学风险.
- 量化累积风险超值的频率.
- 为了识别与高风险相关的重复组合的药物.
主要方法:
- 分析了195种化学品的60多万次暴露测量 (1971-2021年).
- 按工作场所情况 (WS) 分组数据,以识别共存在的化学物质,并将其与毒理学类别联系起来.
- 计算累积风险的危险指数 (HI) 和使用的常见项目 (FIM),以找到常见的危险剂组合.
主要成果:
- 33%的暴露工作场所情况 (WSs) 是多次暴露 (中位数为3个代理/WS).
- 致癌性/致变性 (60%),中枢神经系统损伤 (58%) 和呼吸道损伤 (54%,53%) 是常见的毒理类.
- 船舶建造/维修业的危险多重暴露WS比例最高 (81%);一般工业机械具有高的"错过风险" (30%).
- 确定了反复出现的危险组合,主要是溶剂和金属,因毒理类和行业而异.
结论:
- 美国工人经常遇到危险的化学组合,影响多个器官系统.
- 这些发现强调了在特定行业和特定代理商中需要CRA.
- 结果可以指导针对性职业风险管理策略的优先设定.
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