全球和区域癌症负担归因于可修改的风险因素,以告知预防
Hanna Fink1, Oliver Langselius2, Jérôme Vignat2
1Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France. finkh@iarc.who.int.
Nature medicine
|February 3, 2026
概括
在全球范围内,2022年37.8%的新癌症病例源于30种可修改的风险. 减少吸烟,感染和酒精等暴露因素是预防癌症工作的关键.
科学领域:
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 全球健康 全球健康
- 癌症研究 癌症研究
背景情况:
- 癌症是全球主要的健康负担,其中很大一部分与可预防的风险因素有关.
- 了解可修改风险所造成的癌症负担对于有效的预防策略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 估计2022年30个可修改的风险因素所造成的全球和国家癌症负担.
- 通过识别关键风险因素及其影响,为癌症预防工作提供信息.
主要方法:
- 利用GLOBOCAN数据对185个国家的36个癌症部位进行分析.
- 应用流行数据 (大约2012年) 来考虑暴露-癌症延迟.
- 针对30个可修改的风险因素 (包括生活方式,环境和职业暴露) 计算出人口归因分数 (PAF).
主要成果:
- 据估计,2022年约有710万例新的癌症病例 (37.8%) 是由于30个可修改的风险因素造成的.
- 吸烟 (15.1%),感染 (10.2%) 和饮酒 (3.2%) 是导致癌症负担的主要原因.
- 肺癌,胃癌和子宫癌占所有可预防癌症的近一半.
结论:
- 全球癌症病例的很大一部分与可修改的风险因素有关,这突出了预防的重大机会.
- 有针对性的干预措施来减少像烟草吸烟,感染和饮酒等暴露,对于降低全球癌症负担至关重要.
- 加强全球癌症预防需要持续努力,以减轻可修改的风险暴露.
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