体育中的集群训练效应的特点:系统审查和元分析
Xinyi Zhao1, Xudong Ya2, Hao Zhou1
1Institute of Physical Education, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
Frontiers in physiology
|February 4, 2026
概括
与传统训练 (TS) 相比,集群结构训练 (CS) 显著提高了运动员的冲刺和爆炸力. CS显示了体育特异性的好处,特别是排球和足球运动员,优化体育表现.
科学领域:
- 运动科学和生物力学
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 运动训练方法 运动训练方法
背景情况:
- 运动表现依赖于通过有效训练优化运动能力.
- 传统的培训方法 (TS) 长期以来一直是标准的,但像集群结构培训 (CS) 这样的新方法需要系统评估.
- 了解不同训练方案的体育特异性适应对于最大限度地发挥运动员潜力至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 系统地比较集群结构训练 (CS) 与传统训练 (TS) 在提高运动员运动能力方面的有效性.
- 调查CS对运动表现的潜在体育特异性影响.
- 为教练提供关于培训计划设计的基于证据的建议.
主要方法:
- 在主要数据库 (PubMed,Embase,Cochrane,Web of Science) 进行系统的文献搜索,截至2025年3月.
- 使用TESTEX尺度评估研究质量.
- 进行了计算标准化平均差异 (SMD) 的元分析,并进行了根据运动分层的子组分析.
主要成果:
- 与TS相比,CS在运动员的冲刺能力 (SMD = -0.32) 和爆炸力 (SMD = 0.39) 中表现出了卓越的改进.
- 小组分析揭示了排球中CS在最大力量,爆炸力和冲刺能力方面具有显著的体育特异性优势.
- CS还增强了足球运动员的峰值力量 (SMD = 0.68),突出了其在权力主导体育运动中的有效性.
结论:
- 集群结构培训 (CS) 比传统培训 (TS) 更有效地提高关键运动能力,如冲刺和爆炸力.
- CS产生了显著的体育特异性好处,特别是排球和足球,其中爆炸力是一个关键的性能决定因素.
- 教练应该考虑量身定制CS协议,使其与不同运动的特定能源系统需求和工作休息比率保持一致.
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