精准医学的机器学习:通过透视视角的假设组设计练习来促进价值考虑
Tehmi E den Braven1, Ariadne A Nichol1, Matthew D Kearney2
1Center for Biomedical Ethics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA.
概括
一个简短的小组练习使用视角,特别是"想象自己"框架,有效地提高了人工智能 (AI) 开发人员对其工作对不同利益相关者的社会和道德影响的认识.
科学领域:
- 人工智能伦理学 人工智能伦理学
- 人与计算机的交互
- 技术对社会的影响 技术对社会的影响
背景情况:
- 尽管有监管和道德方面的努力,但公众对人工智能 (AI) 后果的担忧仍然存在.
- 在人工智能开发实践中建立道德意识需要促进对利益相关者的福利的考虑.
- 现有的方法还没有完全解决人工智能带来的社会和道德挑战.
研究的目的:
- 测试小组设计练习对人工智能开发人员对其工作对他人影响的考虑的影响.
- 评估视角采用,特别是"想象自我"框架,作为增强人工智能设计中道德反思的工具.
- 调查不同的人工智能开发环境如何影响开发人员的伦理考虑.
主要方法:
- 一个小组设计练习,涉及假设的AI研究和临床工具开发场景.
- 利用"想象自我"框架,促使开发人员在特定情况下考虑他们的感受和行为.
- 对比设计考虑的转变,从方法论/数据关注到更广泛的社会和伦理问题.
主要成果:
- 假设的场景促使人工智能开发人员之间产生了不同的观点.
- "想象自我"框架导致在临床AI工具开发中更多地考虑患者的观点.
- 开发人员在他们的道德考虑和未来实践中的转变方面表现出了更大的自我意识.
结论:
- 一个简短的小组练习可以显著提高AI开发人员对对多个利益相关者的影响的认识.
- 展望练习,特别是"想象自己",可以有效地将道德反思纳入人工智能设计过程.
- 这种干预可以激发具体的行动计划,以解决未来人工智能工作中的伦理考虑.
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