在ADHD中对任务集惯性和任务集重新配置进行扩散模型分析
Christina O Hlutkowsky1, Xu Yan1, Zvi R Shapiro2
1Department of Psychology, https://ror.org/04p491231The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS
|February 4, 2026
概括
患有注意力缺陷/多动症障碍 (ADHD) 的儿童由于决策速度较慢而表现出一般性绩效缺陷,而不是特定的切换障碍. 这会影响ADHD中更高层次的认知功能.
科学领域:
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 临床心理学 临床心理学
背景情况:
- 切换是一个关键的执行功能,但与其他执行功能相比,儿童多动症的研究不足.
- 成人研究将切换成本与任务集惯性和重新配置联系起来;在ADHD中的相关性仍然不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 研究ADHD儿童的切换缺陷背后的特定认知子过程.
- 确定与ADHD相关的切换成本是否源于任务集惯性,重新配置或一般处理速度.
主要方法:
- 采用计算机指导的切换模式,对34名多动症儿童和28名对照儿童 (8-12岁) 进行了研究.
- 利用扩散模型分析来分解影响切换性能的认知子过程.
主要成果:
- 儿童的切换成本涉及任务设置惯性 (漂移率) 和重新配置 (Ter).
- 患有ADHD的儿童的准确性较低,归因于较慢的一般漂移率,而不是切换特定的缺陷.
- 没有显著的ADHD x 交换机相互作用表明了一般的,而不是特定的,性能受损.
结论:
- 患有ADHD的儿童表现出与较低级别感知决策弱点相关的绩效缺陷.
- 这些基本的弱点对ADHD中更高层次的执行功能有下游影响.
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