种族,种族和对美国医生辅助死亡的态度:叙述审查
Mariam Noorulhuda1,2, Connor Sullivan1, Kimberly S Johnson3
1Department of Bioethics, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Journal of palliative medicine
|February 4, 2026
概括
在种族和民族少数群体中,特别是黑人美国人中,对医生协助死亡 (PAD) 的支持较低. 这种差异可能源于宗教或社会经济地位之外的社会文化因素,这需要进一步研究医疗保健系统的信任.
科学领域:
- 医学伦理 医学伦理
- 卫生社会学 卫生社会学
- 公共卫生政策 公共卫生政策
背景情况:
- 医生辅助死亡 (PAD) 在特定的富裕国家和美国各州是合法的,通常黑人居民比例较低.
- 现有的研究表明,黑人美国人对PAD的支持较低,但对种族/种族和PAD态度的全面审查缺少.
- 这篇叙事综述旨在澄清种族/种族与对PAD的态度之间的关联,探索潜在的解释因素.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和综合现有的关于种族和/或种族之间的关联以及对医生辅助死亡 (PAD) 的态度的文献.
- 探索潜在的社会文化因素,这些因素可能会解释不同种族和种族群体在PAD支持中观察到的差异.
主要方法:
- 在PubMed,Web of Science核心集合和PsycINFO数据库中进行了全面的文献搜索,截至2024年12月.
- 搜索被补充了引用跟踪和手动搜索,以确保彻底性.
- 分析了符合条件的研究 (n=64),包括随机与非随机抽样方法在内的质量考虑.
主要成果:
- 在未调整和调整的分析中,与种族和少数民族群体相比,白人受访者对PAD的支持始终更高,特别是黑人美国人.
- 虽然宗教在一些研究中是一个因素,但严格的研究表明,种族和种族独立地预测了PAD态度.
- 报告指出,大量缺乏研究,调查人们对医疗保健系统的信任是其中的一个因素.
结论:
- 有证据表明,种族和少数民族对PAD的支持较低,可能受到宗教或社会经济地位之外的不同社会文化因素的影响.
- 进一步的研究至关重要,以了解对医疗保健系统的信任在塑造不同人群对PAD态度中的作用.
- 需要一个细微的理解,以告知PAD政策和实践讨论在不同的社区.
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