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Updated: Feb 6, 2026

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基因组学对西藏的高度适应性的洞察
Rusong Zhang1,2, Ying Hu1,2, Yang Teng3
1College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education), Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China.
Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|February 4, 2026
概括
西藏适应了寒冷的高度,尾巴更短,腹部脂肪增加. 基因分析揭示了TBX6的突变和增强的脂质代谢,这对生存至关重要,但可能会增加对气候变暖的脆弱性.
科学领域:
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 灵长类动物的适应性
背景情况:
- 西藏 (Macaca thibetana) 是一种罕见的灵长类动物,在癌热带以北发现.
- 高度环境给非人类灵长类动物带来了重大适应性挑战.
研究的目的:
- 研究藏适应高度环境的遗传基础.
- 识别导致它们独特形态和代谢特征的遗传因素.
主要方法:
- 产生了一个高度完整的藏参考基因组.
- 进行基因组分析以确定突变和选择压力.
- 利用CRISPR-Cas9编辑的小鼠进行基因突变的功能验证.
- 使用定量CT扫描来评估腹部脂肪积累.
主要成果:
- 鉴定了一种TBX6基因突变 (Pro71Thr) 负责缩短尾巴形态,在小鼠中得到验证.
- 与 rhesus macaques 相比,在西藏中发现明显更高的腹部脂肪积累 (9.3倍).
- 发现了增强脂质代谢的证据,包括对脂质相关基因 (DGAT2,DYSF,CAV1,PRKD1,LEPR) 的积极选择,CPE基因删除,以及代谢途径中的基因家族扩展.
- 在西藏和 rhesus 之间观察到明显的脂肪组织基因表达模式.
结论:
- 缩短的尾巴和增加的脂肪积累是高度息地温度调节和节能的关键适应.
- 长期的寒冷选择塑造了西藏的特征,但可能会增加对气候变暖的脆弱性,特别是在东部种群中.
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