暴露在PAH和相关的健康风险可以在火灾现场高,无论是在火灾期间还是火灾灭后很长时间
Bo Strandberg1,2, Karin Lovén1,2, Vilhelm Malmborg3
1Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Scheelev. 2, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.
Annals of work exposures and health
|February 4, 2026
概括
消防员接触致癌的多环芳 (PAH) 在火灾期间很高,并在火灾后持续数周. 被动空气采样器有效监测这些暴露,告知预防措施,如延迟现场调查和呼吸道保护.
科学领域:
- 环境健康科学 环境健康科学
- 职业健康 职业健康 职业健康
- 毒理学 毒理学 毒理学
背景情况:
- 国际癌症研究机构将消防员的职业暴露分类为致癌性 (1A组).
- 由于极端条件和高污染物暴露,评估消防员的健康风险具有挑战性.
- 在消防环境中,对多环芳 (PAH) 的常规活性空气采样是不可行的.
研究的目的:
- 评估使用聚氨泡 (PUF) 无源空气采样器用于监测消防员职业PAH暴露的可行性.
- 在消防演习期间和之后量化PAH度.
- 在火灾现场评估PAH暴露的持续时间.
主要方法:
- 在瑞典的一家消防员培训机构进行了两次测量活动.
- 使用PUF被动空气采样器测量气相PAH度.
- 消防员,观察员和消防员在灭火演习期间和之后以及火灾后38天内在烧毁的棚屋中监测PAH水平.
主要成果:
- 消防员的PAH暴露率最高 (8,300760,000 ng m−3),其次是观察员和火灾后工作人员.
- 在灭火后的几周内,PAH度在被烧毁的棚屋中持续升高,在一个月后仍然比环境水平高1520倍.
- 机械灰可能会增加高分子量,致癌PAHs的暴露.
结论:
- PUF被动空气采样器适用于监测PAH暴露在消防等要求高的职业中.
- 显著的PAH暴露发生在活跃的灭火期间和灭火后的长时间内.
- 实施预防措施,包括推迟现场调查和使用呼吸道保护,可以减轻职业PAH暴露.
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