对痕迹处理和法医科学贡献的系统审查. 第一部分:决策步骤
John Divoy1, Inès Lemans1, Sonja Bitzer1
1UCLouvain, JUR-I, Place Montesquieu 2, bte L2.07.01, Louvain-la-Neuve 1348, Belgium.
Forensic science international
|February 4, 2026
概括
法医跟踪处理中的决策是复杂的,在四个关键阶段受到人类和组织因素的影响. 不一致的做法和知识差距对刑事司法系统产生了重大影响.
科学领域:
- 法医科学 法医科学 法医科学
- 刑事司法 刑事司法 刑事司法
- 决策分析 决策分析
背景情况:
- 法医调查中的痕迹处理涉及从犯罪现场出勤到痕迹分析的关键决策.
- 这些决策的复杂性受到人类,组织和上下文因素的影响,尚未完全理解.
- 现有的研究提供了对整个跟踪处理工作流程的有限全面审查.
研究的目的:
- 在法医调查中,系统地审查和综合整个痕迹处理过程中的决策过程.
- 识别关键阶段,影响因素,以及追踪处理决策中的研究差距.
- 提供一个综合性概述的因素,塑造决策的痕迹处理.
主要方法:
- 对229项研究进行了系统性文献审查 (SLR).
- 检查了四个关键阶段的决策:犯罪现场出席,痕迹检测,痕迹选择和收集以及痕迹分析.
- 分析了人类因素 (专业知识,偏见) 与决策的交叉关系.
主要成果:
- 痕迹处理实践存在显著的变化,这是由司法政策和培训差异驱动的.
- 确定每个阶段的关键影响因素:犯罪类型,环境条件,案件优先级和调查目标.
- 突出了在程序一致性,资源分配和法医意识方面的持续差距.
结论:
- 早期决策阶段的缺陷可能会对整个刑事司法程序产生负面影响.
- 解决知识和实践的变化和差距对于改善法医痕迹处理至关重要.
- 本综述综合了当前的做法,并确定了法医决策未来研究的关键领域.
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