与更年期年龄相关的认知功能:来自英国老龄化纵向研究的见解
Jiawei Zhai1, Jinglei Huang1, Yuou Chen1
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
Maturitas
|February 4, 2026
概括
自然更年期的晚年与女性更好的认知功能有关. 这一发现表明晚期更年期对长期大脑健康的潜在保护作用.
科学领域:
- 老年学和认知神经科学
- 生殖内分泌学 生殖内分泌学
背景情况:
- 全球人口老龄化增加了认知能力下降的患病率.
- 自然更年期,以雌激素下降为标志,正在研究其对认知健康的影响.
- 现有的有关更年期和认知的流行病学数据仍然不一致.
研究的目的:
- 研究自然更年期时的年龄与认知功能之间的横截面和纵向关联.
- 为了澄清这种关系,我们使用了来自英国老化纵向研究 (ELSA) 的数据.
主要方法:
- 从ELSA (第4波到第9波) 分析了3712名绝经后妇女 (年龄≥50岁).
- 主要暴露:自然更年期的自我报告年龄.
- 通过记忆,执行功能和定向来评估认知功能,合成为全球z-score.
- 统计模型:多重线性回归 (截面) 和线性混合效应模型 (纵向).
主要成果:
- 更年期晚些时候的年龄始终与更好的全球认知功能相关.
- 在截面上,更年期的每一年都与更高的认知分数相关 (β = 0.058,P < 0.001).
- 从纵向来看,每一年都与认知能力的提高有关 (β = 0.008,P = 0.014),而最新的更年期四分位数表现优于最早的四分位数.
结论:
- 自然更年期的晚年与女性认知能力的提高有关.
- 研究结果表明,晚期更年期可能起到神经保护作用.
- 通过子组和灵敏度分析证实了稳健性.
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