将水产养殖实践与淡水系统中的抗生素发生,积累和环境风险联系起来
Ruta Medne1, Ilga Kokorīte2, Vadims Bartkevics1
1Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR", Lejupes Street 3, Riga LV-1076, Latvia.
Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
|February 4, 2026
概括
水产养殖中的抗生素残留物,如恩罗夫洛克萨,污染了拉脱维亚的淡水生态系统,积聚在沉积物和软体动物中. 幼鱼养殖场是污染的主要来源,对环境构成重大风险.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 生态毒理学 生态毒理学
- 水生化学 水生化学
背景情况:
- 全球范围内水产养殖的强化实践导致抗生素用于疾病控制的使用增加.
- 水生环境中的抗生素污染对生态系统和公共健康构成风险.
- 水产养殖设施下游的淡水生态系统需要对制药污染进行评估.
研究的目的:
- 调查拉脱维亚淡水生态系统中抗生素残留物的发生,分布和生态风险.
- 确定导致抗生素污染的关键水产养殖类型.
- 评估环境组件和生物群中的抗生素积累潜力.
主要方法:
- 在水,沉积物和生物样本中分析了23种抗生素,使用超高性能液体染色学-双重质谱法 (UHPLC-MS/MS).
- 计算风险系数 (RQ) 来评估生态毒理风险.
- 在不同水产养殖类型中对抗生素污染的比较分析.
主要成果:
- 检测到四种抗生素 (恩洛夫洛克萨,多西环素,氧环素,佛罗芬尼科尔),其中恩洛夫洛克萨和多西环素是最常见和最丰富的流出物.
- 在沉积物和软体动物中观察到大量的抗生素积累,这表明其持久性和生物积累潜力.
- 在10%的外流中确定了高环境风险 (RQ ≥1),对于所有检测到的抗生素,沉积物和软体动物的RQ非常高.
- 年轻的鱼养殖场被确定为抗生素污染的主要来源.
结论:
- 波罗的海地区的淡水水产养殖是未被认可的抗生素污染源.
- 水生环境中的抗生素残留物带来了相当大的生态风险,特别是在沉积物和生物中.
- 需要改善监测,透明报告和更严格的法规来管理水产养殖产生的抗微生物污染.
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