直接面向消费者的商业虚拟护理:一个范围审查
Sheryl Spithoff1,2, Catriona A Arnott2, Aydin Visanji2
1Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada sheryl.spithoff@wchospital.ca.
BMJ open
|February 4, 2026
概括
尽管对直接向消费者 (DTC) 虚拟护理进行了大量研究,但对其对质量,结果和道德的影响的洞察力仍然有限. 与工业的金融联系可能会在研究结果中引入偏见.
科学领域:
- 医疗保健服务研究 医疗服务研究
- 数字健康数字健康
- 虚拟护理 虚拟护理
背景情况:
- 直向消费者 (DTC) 商业虚拟护理已经迅速扩张.
- 关于DTC虚拟护理的现有文献正在增长,需要综合证据.
研究的目的:
- 综合关于DTC商业虚拟护理的证据的性质和范围.
- 确定关于DTC虚拟护理的研究领域的差距.
主要方法:
- 进行了全面的范围审查.
- 在多个数据库 (MEDLINE,EMBASE,CINAHL,HealthSTAR,PsycINFO,CENTRAL) 和灰色文献中进行了搜索.
- 包括2016-2025年以英语或法语的原始研究,评估DTC虚拟护理.
主要成果:
- 103项研究符合纳入标准;31.1%报告与虚拟护理行业有财务联系.
- 大多数研究是定量 (84.5%),横截面 (89.5%) 和描述性的,很少有 (25.3%) 使用对照组.
- 有限的研究解决了临床医生的观点或隐私问题;关于质量,成本和利用的发现是可变的.
结论:
- 关于DTC虚拟护理对质量,结果,利用和道德问题的影响,存在重大知识差距.
- 行业金融联系的普遍性表明,目前的研究中存在潜在的偏见.
- 需要进一步的严格研究来了解DTC虚拟护理的真正影响.
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