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Updated: Feb 6, 2026

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交通基础设施对森林退化和森林损失的全球影响
Decheng Zhou1, Jingfeng Xiao2, Shuguang Liu1
1Center for Eco-Environment Restoration of Hainan Province/Hainan Baoting Tropical Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, School of Ecology, Hainan University, Haikou, China.
Nature communications
|February 4, 2026
概括
道路严重破坏全球森林,导致森林覆盖面较低,树冠高度较高,生产率较高,碎片化增加. 这些影响在全球南方特别严重,突显了综合运输和森林规划的必要性.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 遥感 遥感 遥感 遥感
背景情况:
- 交通基础设施是全球森林丧失的主要驱动因素.
- 之前对道路对森林影响的评估范围和指标有限.
- 需要对道路对全球森林的影响进行全面的多维分析.
研究的目的:
- 进行对道路对森林多维影响的全球分析.
- 量化森林覆盖面,树冠高度,净初级生产率和道路附近的碎片化变化.
- 评估道路影响的空间范围和距离衰减,并比较全球北方和南方之间的趋势.
主要方法:
- 利用高分辨率遥感数据进行全球森林评估.
- 采用了一个网格智能环境匹配背景参考 (GEM-BR) 策略.
- 分析了对道路1公里以内至5公里以内的影响,考虑了距离衰变效应.
主要成果:
- 检测到森林覆盖率降低了18.6%,树冠高度降低了2.7米,净初级生产率降低,道路附近碎片化程度更高.
- 道路影响延伸至5公里,影响426万平方公里 (10.7%的全球森林面积).
- 全球南方经历了严重的退化,而全球北方则显示了较轻的影响和部分恢复;89%的地区显示了跨度指标的矛盾趋势.
结论:
- 道路连接的森林退化是多维的,远远超出了直接邻近的范围.
- 目前的保护区不足以减轻道路影响,特别是在全球南方.
- 考虑治理选择的综合运输和森林规划对于平衡发展和保护至关重要.
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